Green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles by the aqueous extract of Laurus nobilis L. leaves and evaluation of the ant
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles by the aqueous extract of Laurus nobilis L. leaves and evaluation of the antimicrobial activity Mina Jamzad1 · Maryam Kamari Bidkorpeh1 Received: 9 December 2019 / Accepted: 9 May 2020 © Islamic Azad University 2020
Abstract A valuable approach in green nanotechnology is the application of biomaterials in the synthesis of nanoparticles. In this project, we synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles in the phase of hematite (α-Fe2O3) by the aqueous extract of Laurus nobilis L. leaves in a simple and eco-friendly method. The nanoparticles were characterized using Ultraviolet–Visible spectroscopy (UV–Visible), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transfer electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the nanoparticles are crystalline, almost spherical like and partly as a hexagonal shape with an average size of 8.03 ± 8.99 nm. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated against three bacteria and two fungi. The results showed that the nanoparticles are moderately effective on the Gram-positive bacterium of Listeria monocytogenes and the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium spinulosum. The nanoparticles synthesized by this green method could be potentially useful as antifungal and antibacterial compound and, may be considered as gas sensors, light photo-catalysis and, semiconductor. Graphic abstract
Keywords Hematite · XRD · Laurus nobilis extract · Listeria monocytogenes · Aspregilus flavus
Introduction
* Mina Jamzad [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Shahr‑e‑Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
The goal of green chemistry is the development of chemical processes that reduce waste products and prevent environmental pollution. Nowadays the use of biomaterials as replacements for hazardous substances is a noteworthy approach in green nanotechnology [1]. Various organisms
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Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry
such as plants, bacteria, fungi, yeast, and viruses act as, clean and eco-friendly precursors to prepare small size and stable nanoparticles [2, 3]. Using different plant parts for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles is the simplest and most cost-effective approach [4]. Among the various metal nanoparticles, iron and iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have shown high potential in many industrial and biomedical applications. There are eight known iron oxides, among which hematite (α-Fe2O3), maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) and magnetite (Fe3O4) are very favorite and promising candidates [5]. Each of these three iron oxides has unique magnetic, catalytic, biochemical, and other properties, which are suitable for special biomedical and technical applications [6]. Hematite, as the most stable iron oxide with strongly antiferromagnetic properties, is widely used in gas sensors, pigments, catalysts, and as an oxidizer in
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