Discovering Decolorization Potential of Triphenylmethane Dyes by Actinobacteria from Soil
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Discovering Decolorization Potential of Triphenylmethane Dyes by Actinobacteria from Soil Nurul Hidayah Adenan & Yau Yan Lim & Adeline Su Yien Ting
Received: 5 April 2020 / Accepted: 10 November 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract This study investigates the decolorization potential of actinobacteria from soil towards toxic triphenylmethane (TPM) dyes, i.e., malachite green (MG), methyl violet (MV), crystal violet (CV), and cotton blue (CB). The actinobacterial isolates were first isolated from fresh soil samples, plated onto actinomycetes isolation agar (AIA), and both live and dead cells were prepared to evaluate their decolorization efficiency (DE). Isolates with positive decolorization activities were identified via partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA region. They were revealed as species of Nocardiopsis (N. alba), Streptomyces (S. puniceus, S. bacillaris, S. albolongus, S. acidiscabies, S. albulus, S. pratensis, S. luridiscabiei, S. rubiginosus, S. albidochromogenes), Rhodococcus (R. sovatensis), and Kitasatospora (K. albolonga). Results indicated that all 12 actinobacterial strains (live cells and dead cells) were able to decolorize TPM dyes, although with varying degree of effectiveness. Isolate N. alba (live cells) achieved the highest DE, with 97.0, 95.1, 95.8, and 83.8% (day 14) for MG, MV, CV, and CB, respectively. This was followed by live cells of S. bacillaris with 94.7, 95.1, 90.5, and 63.9% of DE for the same dyes. N. H. Adenan : Y. Y. Lim : A. S. Y. Ting (*) School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia e-mail: [email protected] N. H. Adenan School of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, MARA University of Technology (UiTM), Kuala Pilah Campus, Pekan Parit Tinggi, 72000 Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Live cells appeared to be more effective in decolorizing TPM dyes, suggesting the possible biosorption and biodegradation of dyes. It is concluded that soil actinobacteria tested in this study have the potential for removal of TPM dyes. Keywords Actinobacteria . Bioremediation . Dye pollutants . Soil . Triphenylmethane dyes
1 Introduction Actinobacteria are filamentous, Gram-positive bacteria that are typical soil inhabitants (Sharma et al. 2014). Although actinobacteria are also found in aquatic ecosystems (e.g., freshwater lake) (Sharma et al. 2014), their diversity is higher in soils (Wolińska et al. 2019). In soils, they are responsible for decomposing organic matter and have roles in recycling nutrients in the biogeochemical cycles. In recent years, their importance is perpetuated by their ability to produce a range of valuable enzymes and bioactive compounds (i.e., antibiotics) that have found applications in bioremediation, industrial, and pharmaceutical use (Priyaragini et al. 2013; Shekhar et al. 2014; Araujo-Melo et al. 2019). The potential of actinobacteria in bioremediation has drawn much attention, attributed primarily to their capability in tolerating various types of pollutants an
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