Degradation of synthetic coffee wastewater using induced cells of Pseudomonas sp. NCIM 5235
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Degradation of synthetic coffee wastewater using induced cells of Pseudomonas sp. NCIM 5235 M. K. Shanmugam1 · S. N. Gummadi1 Received: 11 April 2020 / Revised: 14 September 2020 / Accepted: 31 October 2020 © Islamic Azad University (IAU) 2020
Abstract Coffee wastewater contains a high amount of caffeine, which causes adverse effects on the environment. Current treatment strategies focus majorly on overall chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction and do not focus on caffeine degradation in wastewater. Though several techniques are available to degrade caffeine, biological methods are preferred as they are economical and eco-friendly. In this study, Pseudomonas strain NCIM 5235 was evaluated for its potential to degrade caffeine in synthetic coffee wastewater. Uninduced cells degraded caffeine completely in 36 h. Sucrose in the medium did not affect caffeine degradation and remain unconsumed by the bacteria. Under optimal cell loading of 10 × 1011 CFU/L, complete degradation of caffeine was achieved in 2 h. Traces of theaflavin and thearubigin were degraded, whereas other polyphenols remain unaffected and were monitored by UV-visible spectrophotometer. Induced cells also displayed the ability of simultaneous degradation of theobromine present in wastewater. Results showed that caffeine degradation is unaffected at adverse pH, indicating its effectiveness in industrial waste treatment where complete reduction of caffeine and its metabolite theobromine can be achieved by induced cells. Keywords Caffeine degradation · Pseudomonas species · Polyphenols · Wastewater treatment
Introduction Coffee is a widely consumed beverage worldwide, estimated to reach USD 102,279 by 2023 to meet consumer demand (Future 2019). Global production of coffee is on the rise yearly and it is projected to reach 10.1 million tonnes per year by 2020 (International Coffee Organization), which in turn results in the generation of huge amounts of wastes from coffee processing plants. Coffee plants have high levels of caffeine, a plant alkaloid that is present in all parts of the plant and possesses the intrinsic property of pest deterrent (Ashihara et al. 2013; Vega et al. 2020). Caffeine enters the Editorial responsibility: Parveen Fatemeh Rupani. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-020-03019-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * S. N. Gummadi [email protected] 1
Applied and Industrial Microbiology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
environment with the waste generated during coffee processing and has several detrimental effects on the environment. Its high mobility in water makes it a marker for groundwater contamination (Turner et al. 2019; Koroša et al. 2020). Caffeine has an inhibitory effect on bacterial growth and also affects the development of shoots and roots in plants (Sledz et al. 2015; Pham et al. 2019). Wastes from coffee industries also pose h
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