Detection of Bioactive Compounds in Organically and Conventionally Grown Asparagus Spears
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Detection of Bioactive Compounds in Organically and Conventionally Grown Asparagus Spears Yang Gyu Ku 1,2,3 & Jong Hyang Bae 1,2,3 & Jacek Namieśnik 4 & Dinorah Barasch 5 & Alina Nemirovski 5 & Elena Katrich 5 & Shela Gorinstein 5
Received: 27 July 2017 / Accepted: 16 October 2017 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2017
Abstract In the recent reports, there are contradictory conclusions about the nutritional and health properties of organic and conventionally growing vegetables. We hypothesized that organic cultivation system results in higher quality of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) because of organic manure and effective organisms. Therefore, new analytical methods were applied in order to find the differences in bioactive compounds between the plants growing under various cultivation systems. Total antioxidant capacities (TAC) of the conventional and organic greenhouse and conventional open-field farming of asparagus spears were determined by 2,2-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, and UHPLC-PDA-MS was used for identification of some phenolic acids and flavonoids. Total phenolic compounds (TPC), total flavonoids, rutin, vitamin C, chlorophylls, carotenoids, and the values of TAC, determined in organic growing asparagus spears, were higher than in conventional, but not always significant. The applied for the first time FTIR spectroscopy
* Shela Gorinstein [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Horticulture Industry, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, South Korea
2
Good Agriculture Management Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, South Korea
3
Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, South Korea
4
Chemical Faculty, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80 952 Gdańsk, Poland
5
Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, 9112001 Jerusalem, Israel
as an estimation of the differences between the investigated samples showed more prominent bands in the region of polyphenols in organic asparagus spears than in conventional and provides a rapid and precise alternative to other methods. The binding properties of extracted polyphenols to HSA determined by 3D-fluorescence were relatively higher in organic asparagus spears than in other samples. Correlation between the amounts of total polyphenols and flavonoids and their quenching properties showed a linear relationship. All proposed analytical methods can be applied to a variety of studied plants. Keywords Asparagus . Polyphenols . Flavonoids . Rutin, quenching . FTIR
Introduction Antioxidants are beneficial to human health because they decrease the risk of degenerative diseases and certain types of cancers by the reduction of oxidative stress and the inhibition of macromolecules oxidation (Soobrattee et al. 2005; Challa et al. 2011; Di Maro et al. 2013). Consumption o
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