Concentrations of selected trace elements in surface soils near crossroads in the city of Bratislava (the Slovak Republi
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Concentrations of selected trace elements in surface soils near crossroads in the city of Bratislava (the Slovak Republic) Edgar Hiller 1
&
Zuzana Pilková 1 & Lenka Filová 2 & Ľubomír Jurkovič 1 & Martin Mihaljevič 3 & Petr Lacina 4
Received: 19 June 2020 / Accepted: 10 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract It is well known that road transport emits various trace elements into the environment, which are deposited in soils in the vicinity of roads, so-called roadside soils, and thus contributes to the deterioration of their chemical state. The aim of this work was to determine concentrations of some metals and metalloids (arsenic (As), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn)) in soils from crossroads with traffic signals, which are characterized by deceleration of vehicles and increased emissions of elements related mainly to brake and tyre wear. The results confirmed a moderate enrichment of soils with Cu, Pb, and Zn (enrichment factor (EF) values > 2) and significant enrichment for Sb (EF > 5), while the other elements showed no or minimal enrichment. The age of crossroads proved to have a positive influence on the accumulation of some elements in soils with the largest differences for Cu, Fe, Pb, Sb, and Zn (p < 0.001). Traffic volumes expressed as the average daily traffic intensity (ADTI) also positively influenced soil concentrations of Cr, Cu, Pb, Sb, and Zn, while distance to the crossroad had a significant negative effect on the soil concentration of Cu, Sb, and Zn (p < 0.001). The stable isotopic ratios of Pb, 206Pb/207Pb and 208Pb/206Pb, ranging from 1.1414 to 1.2046 and from 2.0375 to 2.1246, respectively, pointed to the mixed natural-anthropic origin of Pb in the soils of crossroads with a visible contribution of traffic-related sources. Based on the above findings combined with covariance among the studied elements using statistical methods applied to compositionally transformed data, it was possible to show that Cu, Pb, Sb, and Zn clearly originated from road traffic. Keywords Compositional data analysis . Contamination . Lead isotopes . Trace metals . Traffic . Urban soil
Introduction Responsible Editor: Kitae Baek Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10822-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Edgar Hiller [email protected] 1
Department of Geochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
2
Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina 1, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
3
Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
4
GEOtest, a.s., Šmahova 12
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