Development of an electrochemical biosensor for impedimetric detection of tetracycline in milk
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Development of an electrochemical biosensor for impedimetric detection of tetracycline in milk Ayat Mohammad-Razdari1 • Mahdi Ghasemi-Varnamkhasti1,2 • Sajad Rostami1 Zahra Izadi1,2 • Ali A. Ensafi3 • Maryam Siadat4
•
Revised: 24 April 2020 / Accepted: 30 April 2020 Ó Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India) 2020
Abstract This study dealt with the fabrication of an impedimetric biosensor based on nanomaterial modified with pencil graphite electrode for the detection of tetracycline (TET) in milk samples. For response of the impedimetric aptasensor to be improved, the influence of different parameters (immobilization time of reduced grapheme oxide, time of aptamer, and TET binding, and concentration of aptamer) was optimized. In optimum conditions, the aptasensor provided a concentration range
within 1 9 10–16 - 1 9 10–6 M and with a limit of detection of 3 9 10–17 M TET. The proposed impedimetric aptasensor was then used in milk samples analysis, and the acceptable recovery was achieved ranging from 92.8 to 102.1%. According to this study, the combination of an aptamer and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is a promising method for detection of TET in milk samples with high reproducibility and stability.
& Mahdi Ghasemi-Varnamkhasti [email protected] 1
Department of Mechanical Engineering of Biosystems, Shahrekord University, 8818634141 Shahrekord, Islamic Republic of Iran
2
Nanotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord University, 8818634141 Shahrekord, Islamic Republic of Iran
3
Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156 Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
4
LCOMS, Universite´ de Lorraine, EA 7306, 57000 Metz, France
123
J Food Sci Technol
Graphic abstract
Keywords Aptasensor Antibiotics detection Nanocomposite Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Reduced graphene oxide
Introduction Tetracycline (TET) is one of the most conventional antibiotics, which is widely used to treat infectious diseases in veterinary medicine and livestock like mastitis (Ouyang et al. 2017). The overuse of antibiotics such as TET in veterinary medicine as antibacterial and growth enhancer has caused them to remain in food products like e.g., meat, eggs, chicken, and milk (Kim et al. 2010). Food contaminated with antibiotics are a big threat for human and leads to increased drug resistance in the human body (Shen et al. 2014). For food security purposes and preserving consumer health, European Union has determined the maximum residue limit of TET in meat, eggs, and milk to be 220, 440, and 220 nM, respectively (Hou et al. 2015). Therefore, the quantitative and qualitative determination of TET using sensitive, selective, applicable, and specific method in food products such as milk is essential to protect human health. To data, different methods for detection of TET have been introduced such as spectrophotometry (Palamy and Ruengsitagoon 2017), HPLC (Moudgil et al. 2019), capillary electrophoresis (Moreno-Gonza´lez et al. 2018), liquid chromatography-tand
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