Extractive biodecolorization of triphenylmethane dyes in cloud point system by Aeromonas hydrophila DN322p
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ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Extractive biodecolorization of triphenylmethane dyes in cloud point system by Aeromonas hydrophila DN322p Tao Pan & Suizhou Ren & Meiying Xu & Guoping Sun & Jun Guo
Received: 19 August 2012 / Revised: 3 September 2012 / Accepted: 5 September 2012 / Published online: 25 September 2012 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012
Abstract The biological treatment of triphenylmethane dyes is an important issue. Most microbes have limited practical application because they cannot completely detoxicate these dyes. In this study, the extractive biodecolorization of triphenylmethane dyes by Aeromonas hydrophila DN322p was carried out by introducing the cloud point system. The cloud point system is composed of a mixture of nonionic surfactants (20 g/L) Brij 30 and Tergitol TMN-3 in equal proportions. After the decolorization of crystal violet, a higher wet cell weight was obtained in the cloud point system than that of the control system. Based on the results of thin-layer chromatography, the residual crystal violet and its decolorized product, leuco crystal violet, preferred to partition into the coacervate phase. Therefore, the detoxification of the dilute phase was achieved, which indicated that the dilute phase could be discharged without T. Pan : S. Ren : M. Xu : G. Sun : J. Guo Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, People’s Republic of China T. Pan School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China T. Pan : S. Ren : M. Xu : G. Sun : J. Guo Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, People’s Republic of China T. Pan : S. Ren : M. Xu (*) : G. Sun : J. Guo State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology (Ministry—Guangdong Province Jointly Breeding Base), Guangzhou, South China 510070, People’s Republic of China e-mail: [email protected] Present Address: M. Xu Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China
causing dye pollution. The extractive biodecolorization of three other triphenylmethane dyes was also examined in this system. The decolorization of malachite green and brilliant green was similar to that of crystal violet. Only ethyl violet achieved a poor decolorization rate because DN322p decolorized it via adsorption but did not convert it into its leuco form. This study provides potential application of biological treatment in triphenylmethane dye wastewater. Keywords Extractive biodecolorization . Cloud point system . Aeromonas hydrophila DN322p . Detoxification
Introduction Triphenylmethane dyes are extensively used in the textile, pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries (Gregory 1993). The biodegradability of these dyes is low because they are recalcitrant molecules. The toxicity of these dyes to microbial and mammalian cells raises serious environmental problems (Au et al. 1978; Srivastava et al. 2004). Physical and chemical methods have been used to treat these dyes (Forg
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