Diverse bacteria isolated from root nodules of Trifolium , Crotalaria and Mimosa grown in the subtropical regions of Chi
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Diverse bacteria isolated from root nodules of Trifolium, Crotalaria and Mimosa grown in the subtropical regions of China Xiao Yun Liu · En Tao Wang · Ying Li · Wen Xin Chen
Received: 21 June 2006 / Revised: 11 October 2006 / Accepted: 22 December 2006 / Published online: 12 May 2007 © Springer-Verlag 2007
Abstract To analyze the diversity and relationships of rhizobia in the subtropical and tropical zones of China, we characterized 67 bacterial strains isolated from root nodules of Wve legume species in the genera Trifolium, Crotalaria and Mimosa. PCR-ampliWed 16S rDNA RFLP, numerical taxonomy, SDS-PAGE of whole cell proteins, sequencing of 16S rDNA and DNA–DNA hybridization grouped the isolates into 17 lineages belonging to Bradyrhizobium, Mesorhizobium, Rhizobium, Sinorhizobium and Burkholderia, as well as a non-symbiotic group of Agrobacterium. The Rhizobium group contained twenty strains isolated from Mimosa pudica, Crotalaria pallida and two species of Trifolium. Fifteen of them were R. leguminosarum. Twenty-one strains isolated from four species of Trifolium, Crotalaria and Mimosa were classiWed into Wve groups of Bradyrhizobium, including B. japonicum. Agrobacterium group composed of 20 isolates from Mimosa pudica, C. pallida and Trifolium fragiferum. In addition, several strains of Sinorhizobium and Mesorhizobium associated with Trifolium and Burkholderia associated with Mimosa
X. Y. Liu · E. T. Wang · Y. Li · W. X. Chen (&) Key laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource and Application, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China e-mail: [email protected] X. Y. Liu School of Conservation Biology, Southwest Forestry College, Kunming Yunnan, 650224, China E. T. Wang Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, DF México
pudica were also identiWed. The predominance of Bradyrhizobium in the nodules of Trifolium was a novel Wnding and it demonstrated that the nodule microsymbionts might be selected by both the geographic factors and the legume hosts. Keywords Diversity · Rhizobia · Burkholderia · Crotalaria · Mimosa · Trifolium
Introduction Rhizobia are soil bacteria able to establish a nitrogen-Wxing symbiosis with leguminous plants. Traditionally, the symbiotic root-nodule bacteria were included in the genera Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Sinorhizobium, Mesorhizobium, Allorhizobium, and Azorhizobium. Recently, this kind of bacteria were also reported in the genera Methylobacterium (Jourand et al. 2004), Devosia (Rivas et al. 2002), Blastobacter (van Berkum et al. 2002), Burkholderia (Moulin et al. 2001; Chen et al. 2003; 2005), Cupriavidus (Chen et al. 2003), Ochrobactrum (Trujillo et al. 2005) and Phyllobacterium (Valverde et al. 2005). These bacteria were able to establish symbiosis with a wide range of legumes. Additionally, some Bradyrhizobium strains also formed symbiosis with non-legume plants as endophytic bacteria (Rivas et al. 2004), and some Enterobacteri
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