Diversity and functional annotation of microorganisms in French vertical flow constructed wetland treating greywater
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(2020) 36:148
ORIGINAL PAPER
Diversity and functional annotation of microorganisms in French vertical flow constructed wetland treating greywater Swapnil Punyapwar1 · Srikanth Mutnuri1 Received: 21 March 2020 / Accepted: 3 September 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Constructed wetlands form a unique ecosystem having plants, soil, microbes in which microorganisms play a vital role in the transformation and degradation of pollutants from wastewater. In the present study, French type two-stage vertical flow constructed wetland (VFCW) was used for the treatment of single household greywater (GW). Pilot-scale VFCW having sand and gravel as the filter substrate was constructed with Canna indica plantation for treating GW. To understand the pollutant removal mechanism in VFCW, microbial diversity and functional annotation was carried out by metagenomics analysis of sequences obtained from illumina platform. Efficiency of VFCW was measured with respect to water quality parameters like COD, B OD5, Total Nitrogen, Nitrate, Nitrite, Ammoniacal-N, ortho-phosphate and TOC from inlet and outlet of system. The removal efficiency was 90%, 93%, 34%, 26%, 89%, 68%, 80%, and 80% for COD, B OD5, Total Nitrogen, Nitrate, Nitrite, Ammoniacal-N, ortho-phosphate and TOC respectively. Microbial diversity was much more diversified and unique in VFCW compared to GW. Metagenomes exhibited Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes as major phyla in GW whereas Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Nitrospirae abundance in VFCW layers. Total of 809 and 695 genus were found in VFCW and GW respectively with minimum abundance of 10 hits. From functional annotation of sequences, VFCW microbes have the potential to transform various aromatic and xenobiotic compounds along with the removal of pollutants present in the form of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus. These data reveal French type VFCW can efficiently treat GW and with its own unique, variable habitat VFCW harbours diverse community of microorganisms that transform and degrade the pollutants in GW. Keywords Constructed wetlands · Greywater · Household · Metagenomics
Introduction About 97 percent of earth’s water is held in the oceans while the remaining mere 3 percent is available for human usage. Due to industrialization, urbanization and the increasing human population, the demand for water is increasing per second. Nevertheless, about 80 percent of wastewater generated by these activities is discharged into the waterbodies without any treatment (UNDP). Therefore, to meet Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-020-02923-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Srikanth Mutnuri [email protected] 1
Applied Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, KK Birla Goa Campus, NH‑17‑B Bypass Road, Zuarinagar, Sancoale, Goa 403726, India
the increased demand for water, wastewater treatment and recycling is one of the solutions to the probl
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