Diversity of culturable bacteria isolated from ancestral crops of Arica and Parinacota Region, Atacama Desert
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Diversity of culturable bacteria isolated from ancestral crops of Arica and Parinacota Region, Atacama Desert Patricio A. Mun˜oz . Mabel J. Arismendi . Steffany F. Ca´rdenas . Denise E. Cifuentes Bachmann . Francisca A. Venegas . Germa´n F. Sepu´lveda-Chavera
Received: 5 June 2020 / Accepted: 13 October 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Arica and Parinacota Region is located at the extreme north of the Atacama Desert, where the high levels of salts and boron, lack of rain, high UV radiation, among other conditions, make this zone an extreme environment. Despite these characteristics, in the transversal valleys, different types of crops are cultivated in this region, which are associated to beneficial microorganisms with specific traits that allow plants surviving and developing under extreme conditions. However, there is incomplete information related to these microorganisms. In this work, bacteria associated with ancestral crops were isolated from oregano, alfalfa, maize, potato, and grapevine samples from Bele´n, Codpa, Molinos, Poconchile and
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-020-01482-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. P. A. Mun˜oz (&) M. J. Arismendi S. F. Ca´rdenas G. F. Sepu´lveda-Chavera (&) Laboratorio de Patologı´a Vegetal Y Bioproductos, Facultad de Ciencias Agrono´micas, Universidad de Tarapaca´, Arica, Chile e-mail: [email protected] G. F. Sepu´lveda-Chavera e-mail: [email protected] P. A. Mun˜oz M. J. Arismendi D. E. Cifuentes Bachmann F. A. Venegas UC Davis Chile Life Sciences Innovation Center, Santiago, Chile
Socoroma localities, representing the first report of these microorganisms in those sites. Bacteria were identified, being c-Proteobacteria, the most frequent class (* 74.4%), with members of Pseudomonas genus the most common isolated genus. All bacteria were functionally characterized for plant growthpromoting activities, including siderophores and auxins production, phosphate solubilization, and nitrogen fixation, revealing an extraordinary potential from these microorganisms for agricultural applications under arid and semiarid conditions. Keywords Plant-growth promoting Saline boric conditions Plant-associated bacteria Arid environments Abbreviations ACC 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate EC Electrical conductivity CAS Chrome Azurol S IAA Indole-3-acetic acid PVK Pikovskaya solid medium
Introduction The Atacama Desert (Chile) is the driest desert in the world, and its aridity is directly related with the shortage of water, condition generated not only by the lack of rain, but also as a consequence of the limited
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Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
soil moisture, permeability, and water evaporation (Cornejo 2009). Moreover, high levels of UV radiation, prolonged sunlight exposure, heat, low atmospheric humidity, low concentrations or almost zero soil carbon, and the presence of strong ox
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