Domestication does not narrow MHC diversity in Sus scrofa
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Domestication does not narrow MHC diversity in Sus scrofa Katerina A. Moutou & Evagelia A. Koutsogiannouli & Costas Stamatis & Charalambos Billinis & Claudia Kalbe & Massimo Scandura & Zissis Mamuris
Received: 20 June 2012 / Accepted: 21 November 2012 / Published online: 14 December 2012 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012
Abstract The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a multigene family of outstanding polymorphism. MHC molecules bind antigenic peptides in the peptide-binding region (PBR) that consists of five binding pockets (P). In this study, we compared the genetic diversity of domestic pigs to that of the modern representatives of their wild ancestors, the wild boar, in two MHC loci, the oligomorphic DQA and the polymorphic DRB1. MHC nucleotide polymorphism was compared with the actual functional polymorphism in the PBR and the binding pockets P1, P4, P6, P7, and P9. The analysis of approximately 200 wild boars collected throughout Europe and 120 domestic pigs from four breeds (three pureblood, Pietrain, Leicoma, and Landrace, and one mixed Danbred) revealed that wild boars and domestic pigs share the same levels of nucleotide and amino acid polymorphism, allelic richness, and heterozygosity. Domestication did not appear Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00251-012-0671-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. K. A. Moutou : E. A. Koutsogiannouli : C. Stamatis : Z. Mamuris (*) Laboratory of Cenetics, Evolutionary and Comparative Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos St., 41221 Larissa, Greece e-mail: [email protected] C. Billinis Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Trikalon 224, 43100 Karditsa, Greece C. Kalbe Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18190 Dummerstorf, Germany M. Scandura Department of Zoology and Evolutionary Genetics, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 25, 07100 Sassari, Italy
to act as a bottleneck that would narrow MHC diversity. Although the pattern of polymorphism was uniform between the two loci, the magnitude of polymorphism was different. For both loci, most of the polymorphism was located in the PBR region and the presence of positive selection was supported by a statistically significant excess of nonsynonymous substitutions over synonymous substitutions in the PBR. P4 and P6 were the most polymorphic binding pockets. Functional polymorphism, i.e., the number and the distribution of pocket variants within and among populations, was significantly narrower than genetic polymorphism, indicative of a hierarchical action of selection pressures on MHC loci. Keywords Sus scrofa . DRB1 . DQA . PBR polymorphism . Domestication
Introduction The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is the most polymorphic region in jawed vertebrates studied so far and encodes for the molecules that present pathogen-derived
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