First molecular characterization of Sarcocystis miescheriana in wild boars ( Sus scrofa ) from Latvia
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PROTOZOOLOGY - ORIGINAL PAPER
First molecular characterization of Sarcocystis miescheriana in wild boars (Sus scrofa) from Latvia Petras Prakas 1 & Viktorija Kirillova 2 & Anna Dzerkale 2 & Muza Kirjušina 2 & Dalius Butkauskas 1 & Inese Gavarāne 2 & Eglė Rudaitytė-Lukošienė 1 & Gediminas Šulinskas 1 Received: 17 February 2020 / Accepted: 8 September 2020 / Published online: 15 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Various muscle samples of wild boar (Sus scrofa) from Latvia were studied for the presence of Sarcocystis infection by means of morphological and molecular methods. Sarcocysts were detected in 122 out of 140 (87.1%) wild boar examined. According to the morphological appearance of sarcocysts, the observed cysts belonged to one morphological type and resembled Sarcocystis miescheriana. Twenty-three sarcocysts isolated from the muscles of Latvian wild boars were molecularly characterized at 18S rRNA, ITS1 and cox1. Additionally, eight sarcocysts obtained from Lithuanian wild boars were subjected to molecular analysis in order to compare intraspecific genetic variability. The amplified 18S rRNA region using newly designed primers is sufficiently variable to separate S. miecheriana from S. suihominis. All Latvian and Lithuanian isolates were confirmed belonging to S. miescheriana. No genetic variation was detected within 18S rRNA and ITS1. By contrast, the high intraspecific genetic variability of S. miescheriana was observed within cox1 since each newly obtained sequence represented a unique haplotype. The comparison made using S. miescheriana isolates from Italian and Japanese wild boar and Chinese domestic pig revealed the genetic similarity of the samples depending on their geographical distances. The current study provides the first detection of Sarcocystis infection in wild boars from Latvia and molecular characterization of S. miescheriana. Keywords Wild boar . Sarcocystis miescheriana . cox1 . Population genetics
Introduction Coccidian parasites of the genus Sarcocystis are characterized by the two-host, prey-predator life cycle. Formation of oocysts/sporocysts takes place in the intestinal mucosa of carnivores and omnivores as definitive hosts, while sarcocysts are formed mainly in striated muscles of intermediate hosts. Sarcocystis spp. infection is more severe in an intermediate host; however, it can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, anorexia and general weakness in definitive host (Dubey et al. 2016). Humans may become final hosts of three Sarcocystis species, Section Editor: David S. Lindsay * Petras Prakas [email protected] 1
Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
2
Institute of Life Sciences and Technology, Daugavpils University, Parādes 1A, Daugavpils LV-5401, Latvia
Sarcocystis hominis and Sarcocystis heydorni by consuming undercooked beef and Sarcocystis suihominis by eating raw pork or wild boar (Sus scrofa) meat (Heydorn et al. 1976; Heydorn 1977a; Dubey et al. 2015). Volunteers who participated in consuming meat i
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