Genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Sarcocystis suihominis infecting domestic pigs ( Sus scrofa ) in I
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GENETICS, EVOLUTION, AND PHYLOGENY - ORIGINAL PAPER
Genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Sarcocystis suihominis infecting domestic pigs (Sus scrofa) in India Ravi Pratap Chauhan 1 & Ansu Kumari 2 & Anil Kumar Nehra 1,3 & Hira Ram 1 M. Karikalan 5 & A. K. Sharma 5
&
Rajat Garg 1 & P. S. Banerjee 4 &
Received: 18 May 2020 / Accepted: 16 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A total of 57 tissue samples of domestic pigs (Sus scrofa) were collected from the meat outlets of five north Indian states and examined for sarcocystosis by histological and molecular methods. The genomic DNA extracted from five representative positive isolates was subjected to PCR amplification of the partial 18S rRNA gene followed by cloning and sequencing. Sequence analysis of the newly generated Indian isolates recorded 96.9–100.0% identity with published sequences of Sarcocystis suihominis. Two new haplotypes that have not been previously described manifested 99.5–100.0% nucleotide homology within themselves. In the phylogenetic analysis, Indian isolates of S. suihominis grouped together with S. suihominis originating from Italy, and they collectively formed a sister clade with Sarcocystis miescheriana within a clade containing various Sarcocystis spp. of ruminants having felids as final hosts. At the same time, this clade separated from a sister clade containing Sarcocystis spp. of bovid or cervid ruminants using canids as known or surmised definitive host. The current study established the phylogenetic relationship of Indian isolates of S. suihominis with various Sarcocystis spp. as well as with other taxa of Sarcocystidae family based on 18S rRNA gene for the first time. Keywords Sarcocystis suihominis . 18S rRNA . Molecular characterization . Phylogeny . Pigs
Introduction Sarcocystis is the most common tissue cyst forming coccidian parasite having an obligatory prey-predator life cycle, where carnivores or omnivores act as definitive hosts (predators) and
Section Editor: Panagiotis Karanis * Hira Ram [email protected] 1
Division of Parasitology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
2
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
3
Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
4
ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kolkata, WB, India
5
Centre for Wildlife Conservation, Management and Disease Surveillance, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
herbivores (prey) as the intermediate hosts (Soulsby 1982). The latter becomes infected by ingestion of sporulated oocysts or sporocysts along with food or water, whereas definitive host gets infected by ingestion of muscles harbouring the mature cyst of Sarcocystis spp. Three species of Sarcocystis namely S. miescheriana, S. suihominis and S. porcifelis have been reported to infect pigs (a
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