Anatomy of the thoracic limb muscles of wild boars ( Sus scrofa, Artiodactyla: Suidae)
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Anatomy of the thoracic limb muscles of wild boars (Sus scrofa, Artiodactyla: Suidae) Gustavo Ferreira Rodrigues1 · Vívian de Moraes Coelho1 · Lucas de Assis Ribeiro2 · Lázaro Antônio dos Santos1 · Lorena Tannus Menezes1 · Roseâmely Angélica de Carvalho Barros3 · Zenon Silva3 · Daniela Cristina de Oliveira Silva1 Received: 28 February 2020 / Accepted: 25 September 2020 © Japanese Association of Anatomists 2020
Abstract The study of the muscular anatomy of wild boar (Sus scrofa) is important, because it allows the understanding of the loco‑ motor and evolutionary aspects, besides the improvement of surgical techniques used by veterinarians in swine. Thus, the objective of this study was to describe the morphology and disposition of the shoulder and arm muscles of S. scrofa. Twelve young specimens of hybrid S. scrofa, six males and six females were fixed and dissected following usual anatomy techniques. The bones of two specimens were prepared to analyze the fixation points of the muscles. The shoulder muscles presented fixation at the scapula and humerus, in distinct bone accidents, and were divided on lateral and medial faces. On the lateral face, the deltoid (divided in acromial and scapular parts), supraspinatus, infraspinatus (divided in cranial and caudal parts) and teres minor (deep to the caudal part of the infraspinatus) muscles were found. In the medial face, the subscapular, coraco‑ brachialis and teres major muscles were observed. The arm muscles were arranged essentially around the humerus and were seen largely on its medial face, namely biceps brachii (originated by a single tendon), brachialis, tensor fasciae antebrachii (fused with the long head of the triceps brachii), triceps brachii (divided in lateral, long and medial heads) and anconeus (located mostly on the lateral side) muscles. Thus, it can be concluded that the S. scrofa presented seven muscles in the shoulder region and six muscles in the arm region, all with morphological similarities to domestic and some wild animals. Some differences were found, for the most part, in the shape, division and fixation points of certain muscles. Keywords Suidae · Anatomy · Miology · Shoulder · Arm
Introduction
* Daniela Cristina de Oliveira Silva [email protected] 1
Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Umuarama Campus, Av. Pará, 1720, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais 38400‑902, Brazil
2
Laboratory of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Umuarama Campus, Av. Pará, 1720, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais 38400‑902, Brazil
3
Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Goiás, University Sector, Av. Dr. Lamartine Pinto de Avelar, 1120, Catalão, Goiás 75704‑020, Brazil
Basic research conducted with animals shows that the closer the physiological, anatomical and organic characteristics are to those of humans, the greater the applicability of the conclusions obtained (Schneider 2004). Swines have been o
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