Dopamine-derived N-doped carbon-encapsulated MoS 2 microspheres as a high-performance anode for sodium-ion batteries
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Dopamine-derived N-doped carbon-encapsulated MoS2 microspheres as a high-performance anode for sodium-ion batteries Hua Qiu 1 & Hongyu Zheng 1 & Yuhong Jin 2,3 & Miao Jia 1 & Qiong Yuan 1 & Chenchen Zhao 2,3 & Mengqiu Jia 1 Received: 17 May 2020 / Revised: 11 July 2020 / Accepted: 5 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Two-dimensional lamellar MoS2 has been widely studied as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries. However, MoS2 exhibits low electrical conductivity and large volume change during the electrochemical charge-discharge process, resulting in poor electrochemical performance. In this work, the dopamine-derived N-doped carbon-encapsulated MoS2 microsphere (MoS2@NC) composite material was synthesized and employed as anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Asprepared MoS2@NC composites exhibited an excellent cycle performance with high specific capacity of 480 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1 after 100 cycles and outstanding rate capability (the capacities of 484, 456, 425, 408, and 393 mAh g−1 at 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, and 2 A g−1, respectively). The good electrochemical sodium storage performance for MoS2@NC is probably attributed to N-doped carbon layer on the surface of MoS2, which can effectively suppress the volume expansion of MoS2, increase the electric conductivity and limit contact with electrolyte. Keywords MoS2 . N-doped carbon . Dopamine . Anode materials . Sodium-ion batteries
Introduction In recent years, due to the shortage of lithium resources, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) arouse wide concern. Compared with lithium, sodium has many advantages such as abundant natural resources and low cost [1, 2]. The physical and chemical properties of sodium are similar to lithium. Therefore, it is considered that SIBs are the most likely to replace lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) as a new type of secondary batteries. However, SIBs have some inherent defects. For example, first, sodium atomic mass is also larger than the lithium, which will lead to a lower theoretical capacity of sodium-ion batteries [3,
* Yuhong Jin [email protected] * Mengqiu Jia [email protected] 1
Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
2
The College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
3
Beijing Guyue New Materials Research Institute, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
4]. Second, the atomic radius of sodium ions is 0.106 nm which is larger than that of lithium ions by 0.076 nm. It will increase the diffusion barrier during the charging and discharging [5–8]. Under this circumstance, it is urgent to design efficient anode materials for SIBs. In recent years, metal sulfides have been researched as anode materials for SIBs due to their excellent electrochemical performance in reacting with sodium [9–11]. Among them, MoS2 has drawn scientists’ attention [12, 13]. MoS2 has
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