Ecotypes of Hypnea pseudomusciformis (Cystocloniaceae, Rhodophyta) revealed by physiological, morphological, and molecul
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Ecotypes of Hypnea pseudomusciformis (Cystocloniaceae, Rhodophyta) revealed by physiological, morphological, and molecular data Fabio Nauer 1
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Matheus Naves 2 & Estela Maria Plastino 2
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Mariana Cabral Oliveira 2
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Mutue Toyota Fujii 1
Received: 3 May 2020 / Revised and accepted: 16 September 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The red seaweed Hypnea pseudomusciformis has economic potential for mariculture as a source of carrageenan and other products. This work investigates this species along the Brazilian coastline by evaluating the effects of irradiance (40, 70, and 100 μmol photons m−2 s−1) on the number of differentiated branches (Br), growth rates (GR), photosynthesis parameters, and pigment content of tetrasporophytes from five distinct geographical populations extending from 5° to 27° S of latitude. The specimens showed intraspecific divergence for COI-5P marker, divided into three haplotypes with distinct geographical distribution. Although irradiance effects were significant only for GR and Br, intraspecific diversity was significant in all variables analyzed, with the haplotype of the tropical zone (5° to 12° S) displaying higher GR, Br, and maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) than the haplotype of the subtropical zone (23° to 27° S), which displayed higher pigment concentration. The geographic intermediate haplotype (19° S) displayed similar GR, Br, and Fv/Fm to the tropical haplotype, but similar pigment content to the subtropical haplotype. Our results indicate the presence of ecotypes within H. pseudomusciformis throughout its geographic distribution. Considering the set of physiological attributes, specimens from the tropical zone have higher potential for mariculture. Keywords Chlorophyll a . Ecotypic . Morphological variants . Phycobiliproteins . Rhodophyta
Introduction Like many other red algae, Hypnea J.V.Lamouroux displays substantial intraspecific morphological variation (Nauer et al. 2015, 2019a) and some taxa, such as H. musciformispseudomusciformis (Nauer et al. 2019b) and H. crypticastellulifera (Jesus et al. 2019), can be considered species complexes. Studying the phylogeography of H. musciformispseudomusciformis complex, Nauer et al. (2019b) detected 17 COI-5P haplotypes of H. pseudomusciformis Nauer, Cassano & M.C. Oliveira, which were sub-divided into three groups: the Uruguayan haplogroup composed of unique haplotypes; the Brazilian subtropical haplogroup containing the
* Fabio Nauer [email protected] 1
Nucleus for Research in Phycology, Institute of Botany, Av. Miguel Estéfano 3687, São Paulo 04301-902, Brazil
2
Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
most abundant haplotype (h25) on the coast, covering > 1400 km of distributional range; and the Brazilian tropical haplogroup, containing the second most abundant haplotype (h29), covering > 1800 km of distributional range. The phylogeography analysis also indicated a genetic break located between Bahia (12° S) and Espírito Santo (19° S) st
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