Effect of Deep Cryogenic Activated Treatment on Hemp Stem-Derived Carbon Used as Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries
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NANO EXPRESS
Open Access
Effect of Deep Cryogenic Activated Treatment on Hemp Stem-Derived Carbon Used as Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries Zhigang Li1,2 , Zhongxiang Guan1,2, Zhiping Guan1,2, Ce Liang1* and Kaifeng Yu1*
Abstract The cryogenic process has been widely applied in various fields, but it has rarely been reported in the preparation of anode materials for lithium-ion battery. In this paper, activated carbon derived from hemp stems was prepared by carbonization and activation; then, it was subjected to cryogenic treatment to obtain cryogenic activated carbon. The characterization results show that the cryogenic activated carbon (CAC) has a richer pore structure than the activated carbon (AC) without cryogenic treatment, and its specific surface area is 1727.96 m2/g. The porous carbon had an excellent reversible capacity of 756.8 mAh/g after 100 cycles at 0.2 C as anode of lithium-ion battery, in which the electrochemical performance of CAC was remarkably improved due to its good pore structure. This provides a new idea for the preparation of anode materials for high-capacity lithium-ion batteries. Keywords: Cryogenic process, Hemp stems, Pore structure, Lithium-ion batteries, High specific capacity
Introduction Due to agricultural waste, such as rice husks, stems, and fibers, having the advantages of rich resources and reproducibility, researchers have paid great attention to the development and application of these agricultural wastes, which are not usually noticeable. Nowadays, there have been many innovative advances in the research and application of biomass carbon materials, providing good theoretical support for preparation of the high-quality anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Many researchers are constantly trying new biomass carbon sources and treatment processes to improve the quality of biomass carbon and apply it to different fields. As a traditional treatment method, activation treatment can effectively improve the porosity of the material and increase the active site [1–5]. Pan et al. used K2FeO4 to complete the simultaneous carbonization and graphitization of bamboo charcoal, which takes less time * Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] 1 Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
and has high efficiency [1]. In the treatment of biomass carbon, hydrothermal methods are more and more widely used in current production and scientific research [6–11]. Yang et al. extracted hemicellulose from hemp stem and prepared it into a well-shaped carbon sphere by low-temperature hydrothermal and KOH activation, which is a potential sustainable material for energy and environmental applications [6]. The structural size of biomass carbon can be more accurately and effectively controlled by the template method. In addition, the template method has huge advantages in controlling the size of the material and h
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