Effect of Magnesium Substitution on Structural, Magnetic and Biological Activity of Co (1-x) Mg (x) Fe 2 O 4 Nano-colloi
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Effect of Magnesium Substitution on Structural, Magnetic and Biological Activity of Co(1-x)Mg(x)Fe2O4 Nano-colloids Khuram Shahzad1 • Sadaf Mushtaq2 • Shehreyar Shah1 • Farukh Bashir Kayani1 • Waqas Khalid1 Muhammad Atif1 • Rashda Abbasi3 • Zulqurnain Ali1
•
Received: 10 February 2020 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Citrate coated magnesium substituted cobalt ferrite nanoparticles Co(1-x)Mg(x)Fe2O4 (where, x = 0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0) were prepared by sonochemical method. X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results confirmed the formation of spinel structures for all concentration values of substitution (x = 0.0–1.0). Furthermore, saturation magnetization was decreased upon increasing magnesium content. Hemolysis assay in vitro confirmed safety of nanoparticles for systemic administration and was non-significant upon increasing magnesium content when compared to untreated control. In vitro cytotoxicity screening against HepG2 cells revealed that cytotoxicity had an inverse relation with increasing magnesium concentration. Highly significant result was observed in the presence of x = 0.25 with percentage viability of 33.5 ± 2.28%. Similarly, antibacterial studies showed highly significant bacterial inhibition against pathogenic strains in the presence of x = 0.25. The results reveal the optimal value of magnesium co-doped functional magnetic materials and their application in biomedicine. Keywords Nano-colloids Magnetic nanoparticles Cytotoxicity Antibacterial
Introduction Due to their unique properties, magnetic spinel ferrite nanomaterials have shown substantial prospects in numerous biomedical fields such as radiotherapy [1], tissue repair [2], diagnosis, biosensors [3], magnetic hyperthermia [4], targeted drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and tumor growth detection [5]. These applications are attributed to their physiochemical characteristics such as high surface to volume ratio, optical properties, controllable magnetic behavior under external magnetic field and easy surface modification [6, 7]. However, water solubility, biological distribution and toxicity & Zulqurnain Ali [email protected] 1
Functional Materials Lab, Department of Physics, Air University Sector E-9, Islamabad, Pakistan
2
Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
3
Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering, 24 Mauve Area, Sector G-9/1, Islamabad, Pakistan
are other important aspects to be considered for biomedical applications [8]. Among magnetic nanomaterials, iron oxide nanoparticles in the form of maghemite (Fe2O3) and magnetite (Fe3O4) were earlier studied extensively for biomedical applications. But they imposed several challenges such as undesirable interaction with hemoglobin and poor magnetic properties at smaller sizes [7, 9]. In the recent years, several new
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