Effects of Goussia infecting the blue whiting and phylogenetic placement of Goussia infecting marine fish off Northern P
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FISH PARASITOLOGY - ORIGINAL PAPER
Effects of Goussia infecting the blue whiting and phylogenetic placement of Goussia infecting marine fish off Northern Portugal Raquel Xavier 1 & João Cardoso 2 & Ricardo Barroso 2 & Sara Nogueira 2 & Cristina Cruz 2,3 & Ana Pereira 1 & Aurélia Saraiva 2,3 Received: 6 March 2020 / Accepted: 21 May 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Coccidian parasites of fish have received considerably less attention than their terrestrial counterparts, and within piscine hosts, most studies have focused on freshwater fish. The present study aimed to describe oocyst morphology, phylogenetic affinities, and the impacts of coccidian parasites infecting the internal organs of a commercially valuable marine fish, the blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou), captured off the Portuguese coast. As part of the phylogenetic analysis, sequences from coccidians infecting the pout (Trisopterus luscus) and the Atlantic chub mackerel (Scomber colias) were included, and the oocyst morphology of the coccidians infecting the former was also reported. Results showed that the prevalence of coccidiosis in the blue whiting was very high (> 82%), occurring in all analyzed organs, despite being more abundant in the liver. A significant negative correlation was found between the abundance of the parasites in the liver and host condition index (p < 0.05), which indicates a negative effect on the fitness of this host. Phylogenetic analyses of the parasites found in all three species examined identified three different species of Goussia, closely related to Goussia clupearum. Adding to previous research, we propose the existence of a fourth group of Goussia, the clupearum type, able to infect multiple organs and phylogenetic related with G. clupearum. Keywords Phylogeny . Morphology . Prevalence . Abundance . 18S rRNA . Coccidia
Introduction Piscine apicomplexan parasites can be divided in two major groups, the Coccidia Leuckart 1897, which are able infect Section Editor: Una Ryan Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-020-06727-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Raquel Xavier [email protected] * Aurélia Saraiva [email protected] 1
CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
2
Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
3
CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal
several organs, and the Hematozoa Vivier 1982, which occur in host blood cells. Among Coccidia, Eimeriorina Léger 1911 are the most commonly reported in fish, specifically those of genera Goussia Labbé 1896, Eimeria Schneider 1875, and of the more recently described Calyptospora Overstreet, Hawkins,
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