Effects of Fluorine on Intestinal Structural Integrity and Microbiota Composition of Common Carp
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Effects of Fluorine on Intestinal Structural Integrity and Microbiota Composition of Common Carp Huiyuan Yu 1 & Yue Zhang 2,3 & Peijun Zhang 4 & Xinchi Shang 2,3 & Yuting Lu 1,5 & Yunhe Fu 5 & Yuehong Li 2,3 Received: 16 July 2020 / Accepted: 21 October 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Fluorine is an environmental toxicant and exposure of fluorine could induce various health disorders. Gut microbiota has been known to be involved in maintaining animal or human health. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between fluorine exposure and gut microbiota in common carp. Gut microbiota composition was detected by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Intestinal structural integrity was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and tight junction protection detection. The results showed that exposure of carp to fluorine led to the injury of intestinal tissues. And compared to the control group, the expression of tight junction protein ZO-1 and occludin was decreased. Meanwhile, the gut microbial diversity and composition were changed by fluorine exposure. At the phylum level, the abundance of Fusobacteria and Firmicutes increased significantly, and the abundance of Actinobacteria decreased markedly after treatment of fluorine. At the genus level, interestingly, we found the abundance of Plesiomonas, an important pathogenic bacteria, increased significantly by the treatment of fluorine. And the abundance of Akkermansia, a critical probiotics, was markedly inhibited by the treatment of fluorine. In conclusion, the results suggested fluorine exposure changed the gut microbiome composition and led to the damage of intestinal structural integrity. Keywords Fluorine . Carp . Gut microbiota . Tight junction
Introduction Fluorine exists widely in the environment and is a necessary trace element for human and animal growth [1–3]. However, excessive fluorine can also produce toxic effects on the body [4, 5]. Over the past few years, the exploitation of mineral
* Yunhe Fu [email protected] * Yuehong Li [email protected] 1
School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, China
2
College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
3
Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
4
Health Monitoring and Inspection Center of Jilin Province, Changchun 130062, China
5
Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
resources has made lakes, rivers, and other waters polluted by environmental toxins and this seriously endangering the health of aquatic organisms [6, 7]. Fish can absorb fluorine directly in water, which is an aquatic organism vulnerable to fluorine pollution in the water. Studies showed that fluorine could lead to the injury of kidney tissues [8–10]. Also, fluorine could induce the apoptosis of liver tis
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