Electrochemical Determination of Tert-Butyl Hydroquinone in Edible Oil Samples at Poly (Crystal Violet) Modified Glassy
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Electrochemical Determination of Tert-Butyl Hydroquinone in Edible Oil Samples at Poly (Crystal Violet) Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode Jing Tang 1 & Wei Wang 1 & Shengbiao Zheng 1 & Yan Zhang 1 & Jumeng Wei 1 & Jianfei Wang 1
Received: 29 December 2015 / Accepted: 20 March 2016 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016
Abstract The synthetic phenolic antioxidant tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is frequently associated to adverse health effects. A polymerized film of crystal violet (CV) was prepared on the surface of a glass carbon electrode (GCE) by electropolymerization in alkaline solution, and then the modified electrode was successfully used to determine TBHQ. This electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectra. The voltammetric behavior of TBHQ over an extended pH range using cyclic voltammetry at poly (crystal violet) modified glassy carbon electrode (PCV/GCE) was also studied. The resulting electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of TBHQ, and this was confirmed by the observed increased redox peak currents and shifted potentials. The electrochemical sensor can be applied to the quantification of TBHQ with a linear range covering 5 × 10−7– 1 × 10−4 mol · L−1 (with a correlation coefficient of 0.9969) and the limit detection was 3 × 10−8 mol · L−1(S/N = 3). The recovery was between 97.1 and 102 % in edible oil samples. The electrochemical sensor method was also compared with a HPLC method, which proves its capability in commercial market surveillance.
Keywords Tert-butylhydroquinone . Poly (crystal violet) . Electrochemistry . Edible oil
* Jing Tang [email protected]
1
College of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, 9 Donghua Road, 233100 Fengyang, Anhui Province, Republic of China
Introduction Tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ), one of the synthetic phenolic antioxidants, is frequently used to prevent the oxidative rancidity of food, pharmaceutical, and other commercial products. Various studies have shown that these synthetic components could enter in the human body through the intake of foods, pharmaceutical products, etc. These synthetic antioxidants can cause health problems to human beings (Ding and Zou 2012). The acceptable daily intake (ADI) recommended by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA 1956–2007) is 0–1.40 mg of additive per kilogram body weight for TBHQ, while the Scientific Committee for Food (SCF) established a value of 0.50 mg/kg (André et al. 2010). As a result, simple and sensitive analytical techniques are required for food antioxidants surveillance. So far, a number of laboratory-based analytical techniques have been developed for determination of TBHQ, such as spectrophotometry (Capitan-Vallvey et al. 2001; Cruces-Blanco et al. 1999), liquid chromatography (Ruiz et al. 1999), and gas chromatography (González et al. 1998; Rodil et al. 2010), but even then previous separation or sample clean-up is sometimes required resulting
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