Electrodeposited Cu 2 Sb as anode material for 3-dimensional Li-ion microbatteries
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ierre Louis Taberna Universite´ de Toulouse, CIRIMAT-UMR CNRS 5085, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; and Alistore European Research Institute, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France
Driss Mazouzi and Philippe Poizot Alistore European Research Institute, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France; and LRCS-UMR 6007, Universite´ de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France
Torbjo¨rn Gustafsson and Kristina Edstro¨m ˚ ngstro¨m Advanced Battery Centre, Uppsala University, Department of Materials Chemistry, The A SE 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden; and Alistore European Research Institute, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France
Patrice Simona) Universite´ de Toulouse, CIRIMAT-UMR CNRS 5085, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; and Alistore European Research Institute, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France (Received 15 December 2009; accepted 8 March 2010)
An increasing demand on high energy and power systems has arisen not only with the development of electric vehicle (EV), hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), telecom, and mobile technologies, but also for specific applications such as powering of microelectronic systems. To power those microdevices, an extra variable is added to the equation: a limited footprint area. Three-dimensional (3D) microbatteries are a solution to combine high-density energy and power. In this work, we present the formation of Cu2Sb onto three-dimensionally architectured arrays of Cu current collectors. Sb electrodeposition conditions and annealing post treatment are discussed in light of their influence on the morphology and battery performances. An increase of cycling stability was observed when Sb was fully alloyed with the Cu current collector. A subsequent separator layer was added to the 3D electrode when optimized. Equivalent capacity values are measured for at least 20 cycles. Work is currently devoted to the identification of the causes of capacity fading. I. INTRODUCTION
The new powerful microelectronics need to be powered by high capacity and high rate battery systems. Today, to fulfill the needs, they are powered by oversized batteries thus restricting the potential use of these applications. Thin-film microbattery is one system that has been conceived to increase reaction kinetics. Low thickness of the electrode and electrolyte give shorter Liþ diffusion lengths, thus enhancing the rate capability. However, as a consequence of their two-dimensional (2D) configuration (thin-films), they contain limited quantities of active material and they are unable to provide as much energy as conventional batteries. Designing three-dimensional (3D) microbatteries will increase the a)
Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/JMR.2010.0190 J. Mater. Res., Vol. 25, No. 8, Aug 2010
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content of active material that can be deposited onto the same footprint area. This can be achieved by increasing the surface area of the current collector rather than the electrode film thickness, leading to batteries able to provide both high specific energy output and high rate ca
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