Enhanced low-complexity detector design for embedded cyclostationary signatures
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Enhanced low-complexity detector design for embedded cyclostationary signatures Paul D. Sutton • Linda E. Doyle
Received: 29 February 2012 / Revised: 3 September 2012 / Accepted: 18 September 2012 / Published online: 27 September 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media New York 2012
Abstract This paper presents a novel cyclostationary signature detector designed for robust detection of embedded signatures under frequency-selective fading conditions. Cyclostationary signatures are features which may be intentionally embedded in a digital communications signal, detected through cyclostationary analysis and used as a unique identifier. It has been shown that such signatures can also be employed to derive key signal parameters including carrier frequency and bandwidth, making them a powerful tool to support network coordination in dynamic spectrum access scenarios. Signature detection can be compromised under conditions of frequency-selective fading whereby a deep fade can destroy an individual signature. The detector presented in this paper can reduce the destructive effects of such fading conditions, greatly improving detection performance. These improvements are illustrated through simulation results which compare the performance of our detector with that of existing designs. Keywords Cyclostationary signatures Rendezvous Dynamic spectrum access Cognitive radio
1 Introduction A signal is cyclostationary if there exists some nonlinear transformation of that signal which will generate finitestrength additive sine-wave components [6]. A signal is P. D. Sutton (&) L. E. Doyle Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland e-mail: [email protected] L. E. Doyle e-mail: [email protected]
said to exhibit second-order cyclostationarity if its mean and autocorrelation are periodic. Many of the communications signals in use today exhibit second and higher-order cyclostationarity due to underlying periodicities introduced through coupling stationary message signals with periodic sinusoidal carriers, pilot sequences, spreading codes and repeating preambles. It has been shown that these cyclostationary properties can be used to achieve a number of critical tasks including signal detection [5], classification [3], synchronization [2, 8] and equalization [15]. Cyclostationary signal analysis is a powerful tool when applied to the inherent cyclostationary features of transmitted communications signals. However, the authors have shown that it is also possible to generate intentionally embedded cyclostationary features and use these known signatures to achieve key tasks while reducing the computational complexity typically associated with cyclostationary analysis [12]. In this way, real-time cyclostationary analysis can become a practical tool for use in reconfigurable wireless networks. Nodes within a reconfigurable wireless network may dynamically change the properties of their transmitted waveform in order to improve the quality of a given wireless link, to efficiently use available spectral resources, to avoid the crea
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