Enhancing cell culture in magnetic vesicle gels
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Enhancing cell culture in magnetic vesicle gels Felicity Leng1,2, Julie E. Gough2 and Simon J. Webb1 1 School of Chemistry and Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K. 2 School of Materials, University of Manchester, Grosvenor St, Manchester, M1 7HS, U.K. ABSTRACT Several different hydrogel compositions have been incorporated into magnetic vesicle gels and the resulting “smart” biomaterials assessed as cell culture scaffolds. The compatibility of these hydrogels with the “smart” component of these biomaterials, thermally sensitive vesicles (TSVs) crosslinked by magnetic nanoparticles, was assessed by the leakage of fluorescent 5/6carboxyfluorescein from the TSVs under cell culture conditions. Subsequently the ability of the hydrogels to support 3T3 fibroblast and chondrocyte viability was assessed. These studies revealed that alginate-based gels were the most compatible with both the TSVs and the cultured cells, with an alginate:fibronectin mix proving to be the most versatile. Nonetheless these studies also suggest that TSV composition needs to be modified to improve the performance of these “smart” cell culture scaffolds in future applications. INTRODUCTION Creating “smart” biomaterials that are able to replicate the complex structure of tissue and chemically communicate with cells cultured within them has thus far proved to be a challenging task. To this end we recently developed magnetic vesicle gels, a new type of biomaterial composed of adhesive lipid-doped thermally sensitive vesicles (TSVs) crosslinked with magnetic nanoparticles. The resulting magnetic nanoparticle-vesicle assemblies are then embedded in a biocompatible hydrogel to give a magnetic vesicle gel.1 The magnetic functionality in these materials allows non-invasive magnetospatial control of vesiclenanoparticle assemblies2 in the gel and facilitates magnetic release of the vesicle contents into the surrounding volume. The application of an alternating magnetic field (AMF) releases bioactive compounds stored in the vesicles, which then diffuse through the gel and trigger cellular responses. A key part in the design of these materials is the hydrogel scaffold that immobilizes the magnetic nanoparticle-vesicle assemblies and provides the local environment that supports cell growth. Previously we used a calcium alginate scaffold, as we found this material held the assemblies in place without the gel fibrils disrupting the TSV membranes.1 Alginate gels are also easily formed and manipulated at physiological temperatures, which was hoped to allow these magnetic vesicle gels to be applied to biological systems. Nonetheless, calcium alginate is a poor scaffold for the proliferation of several types of cell. To improve the versatility of these vesicle gels for cell culture applications, several other gel scaffolds were tested for compatibility with TSVs and several cell lines. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS
N-(Biotinoyl)dopamine was synthesized by a modification of literature procedure
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