Environmental Advances Due to the Integration of Food Industries and Anaerobic Digestion for Biogas Production: Perspect
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Environmental Advances Due to the Integration of Food Industries and Anaerobic Digestion for Biogas Production: Perspectives of the Italian Milk and Dairy Product Sector Deborah Traversi & Silvia Bonetta & Raffaella Degan & Silvia Villa & Arianna Porfido & Monica Bellero & Elisabetta Carraro & Giorgio Gilli
Published online: 6 June 2013 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
Abstract Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a biotechnology that is able to produce an energy vector from waste organic materials. Its inclusion in the food industries, especially if farming activities are present, represents an interesting perspective. This work reviews the main aspects of the inclusion of AD in milk and dairy production. It includes an analysis of the sector characteristics in terms of diffusion, a discussion of waste production and disposal concerning milk and dairy production, a description of the biological and technological aspects of AD, a discussion regarding the application of AD for milk by-products, a description of environmental and legislative aspects, and the suggestion of an integrated model that includes the anaerobic co-digestion of whey and cattle slurry in the milk and dairy production industries. Both environmental and economic impacts of such integration promise to
Highlights Anaerobic digestion is a biotechnology that is able to produce biogas. Renewable energy production can be a strategic advantage for the dairy industries. Food producers in milk and dairy sector generate a large amount of organic refuses. Whey and cattle slurry can be coupling substrates for biogas digestion. The benefits coming from the integration promise to pay for the investment. D. Traversi (*) : R. Degan : S. Villa : A. Porfido : G. Gilli Dipartimento di Scienze della Sanità Pubblica e Pediatriche, Università di Torino, via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Turin, Italy e-mail: [email protected] S. Bonetta : M. Bellero : E. Carraro Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
pay for the preliminary investment in AD plant installation and the development of additional expertise. Keywords Anaerobic digestion . Whey . Dairy wastes . Cattle slurry . Milk . Biogas . Renewable energy
Introduction Milk and dairy products are essential parts of a healthy diet. Their consumption is encouraged by World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines with consideration to limitations for fat and salt intake [1]. Milk is a nutrient concentrate for humans, and, during the last several decades, various improvements to its health characteristics have been made. Some examples are the development of lactose-free milk, milk with oligosaccharide content, calcium-enriched milk, milk with fatty concentrations, milk with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content, milk with micro-nutrient concentrations, and the addition of probiotics and prebiotics [2]. Milk and milk-derived products comprise 10 % of the food production sector in Europe. Italy is one of the top five m
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