Evaluating the Influence of Temperature and Flow Rate on Biogas Production from Wood Waste via a Packed-Bed Bioreactor
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RESEARCH ARTICLE-CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
Evaluating the Influence of Temperature and Flow Rate on Biogas Production from Wood Waste via a Packed-Bed Bioreactor Khalid A. Sukkar1
· Firas K. Al-Zuhairi2 · Eveleen A. Dawood1
Received: 1 May 2020 / Accepted: 18 August 2020 © King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals 2020
Abstract Operating a bioreactor with a low contact area greatly reduces the efficiency of methanogenic bacteria to produce biogas using an anaerobic digestion process. In this work, a packed-bed bioreactor under a flow-mixing technique was used to enhance the contact area to produce biogas from sawdust. The bioreactor was designed with a diameter of 10 cm and a height of 60 cm and was packed with 1.5-cm spherical glass beads. The effect of the digestion temperature on the cumulative biogas production was investigated at different temperatures (i.e., 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 °C). Also, the influence of the flow-mixing technique on the biogas yield was evaluated at different substrate flow rates of 0.5. 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 m3 /h. It was observed that the best operating conditions for the methanogenic bioconversion to achieve high biomethane production (> 71.2%) were 40 °C and 1.5 m3 /h for the temperature and substrate flow rate, respectively. At these conditions, the biogas and biomethane yields were 850 mL/g VS and 605.2 mL CH4 /g VS, respectively. The results show that at a mild flow rate, a biothin film of a high surface area formed over the packing, with a low resistance to transport processes. Moreover, at a high flow rate, the thin film was destroyed, achieving a low biogas yield. Finally, this technique produced a high efficiency, high homogeneity mixture, simple operation, and low mixing time in the packed-bed bioreactor. Keywords Multiphase bioreactor · Flow-mixing technique · Sawdust bioconversion · Biomethane yield
1 Introduction The use of multiphase bioreactors in the production of sustainable energy from biomass has dramatically increased due to their efficient transport processes [1–5]. The anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic biomass, such as straw, corn stover, paper waste, and sawdust, produces biogas [6–10]. Large quantities of sawdust waste are produced every day in carpenter’s workshops [6, 9, 11]. The sawdust must be subjected to many pretreatment methods to remove all undesirable materials that may inhibit the digestion process [12–14]. However, sawdust digestion can be achieved in many kinds of bioreactors, such as batch, semi-batch, and continuous bioreactors [15–17]. The biochemical decomposition of such matter will generate biogas depending on
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Khalid A. Sukkar [email protected]
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
2
Petroleum Technology Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
the design and operation of the bioreactor [4, 11]. Unfortunately, many researchers have stated that the efficiency of the methanogenic bioconversion process in these bioreactors was restricted because of the limited conta
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