Potential of Biogas and Electricity Production from Animal Waste in Turkey
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Potential of Biogas and Electricity Production from Animal Waste in Turkey Meltem Caliskan 1 & Naime Filiz Tumen Ozdil 1 Received: 8 April 2020 / Accepted: 3 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this paper, biogas potential produced from animal manure has been calculated using data for various regions of Turkey between 2007 and 2019. Moreover, generation of electricity potential that can be provided using biogas obtained from animal manure resources has been examined. The animal numbers subjected to the study have been reached via the Turkish Statistical Institute. The amount of animal manure, which is the basis for calculating the amount of biogas, has been calculated using the average number of animals and the animal weight. Eastern Anatolia and Central Anatolia Regions have the highest biogas potential with 19% compared with the other regions due to amount of manure obtained from animal. The finding of this study denotes that 76,448 × 106 m3 potential of methane content can be obtained from biogas for the mentioned years, and 2,339,296 × 106 MJ potential of heating value can be obtained from this methane value. While the potential of electricity energy, which can be provided from animal manure wastes, has been 231,009 × 106 between 2007 and 2019 in Turkey, the total electricity consumption in 2007–2019 is 2,898,040 × 106 kWh. The results show that the potential electricity that can be provided from animal manure could meet 7.99% of the electricity consumed in the same years. Furthermore, the cost analysis of biogas facility, which is established in Eastern Anatolia Region, has been performed using circular economy model. According to calculations, the discounted payback period has been found to be 10 years. Keywords Bioenergy . Energy production . Livestock . Methane . Waste
Nomenclature Symbols TPB M TS AC EBTS ℮biogas Ebiogas Energy contentbiogas ṁbiogas x
Theoretical potency of biogas (m3/year) Total amount of the manure (kg/year) Ratio of the total solids of animal manure Availability coefficient The quantity of estimated biogas produced (m3 TS/kg) Amount of produced electricity (kWh/year) Unchanged raw energy in biogas (kWh/year) Calorific value of biogas (kWh/m3) Amount of biogas generated (m3/year) Independent variables
* Naime Filiz Tumen Ozdil [email protected] 1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, 01250 Adana, Turkey
y Dependent variables NCV Net current valuation Ci Discounted cash inflows Co Discounted cash outflows t Time of the cash flow n Lifetime of investment Greek Symbols ɳ Efficiency Subscript a Kilotons Acronyms COD Chemical oxygen demand toe Tons of oil equivalents DVS Department of Veterinary Services
Introduction As the world globalizes, demands for energy sources increase. Fossil sources meet a large part of this demand. However, these sources emit greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) [1], and the increase in these gase
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