Evaluation of direct and biochar carrier-based inoculation of Bacillus sp. on As- and Pb-contaminated technosol: effect
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Evaluation of direct and biochar carrier-based inoculation of Bacillus sp. on As- and Pb-contaminated technosol: effect on metal(loid) availability, Salix viminalis growth, and soil microbial diversity/activity Manhattan Lebrun 1,2 & Florie Miard 1 & Antonio Bucci 2 & Dalila Trupiano 2 & Romain Nandillon 1,3,4,5 & Gino Naclerio 2 & Gabriella S. Scippa 2 & Domenico Morabito 1 & Sylvain Bourgerie 1 Received: 18 June 2020 / Accepted: 20 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Phytomanagement manipulates the soil-plant system to lower the risk posed by contaminated soils. In this process, the addition of amendments, such as biochar, and bacteria can improve the fertility of poor contaminated soils and consequently ameliorate plant growth. A number of studies based on the inoculation of soil with microorganisms of the genus Bacillus, previously isolated from contaminated sites, revealed positive effects on soil properties and plant growth. Furthermore, when the Bacillus isolates were used in association with biochar, better results were obtained, as biochar can ameliorate soil properties and serve as habitat for microorganisms. Accordingly, a mesocosm study was set-up using a mining technosol amended with biochar and inoculated with an endogenous Bacillus isolate, to evaluate the effect of inoculation on soil properties, metal(loid) immobilization, and Salix viminalis growth. Two inoculation methods were compared: (1) direct inoculation of bacteria (Bacillus sp.) and (2) inoculation using biochar as a carrier. Results showed that the Bacillus isolate modified soil properties and ameliorated plant growth, while having a reduced effect on metal(loid) accumulation. The microbial activity was also stimulated, and the community composition was shifted, more importantly when biochar was used as a carrier. In conclusion, this research revealed an improvement of the plant growth and microbial activity after the addition of the endogenous bacterium to the analyzed former mining soil, with better results recorded when a carrier was used. Keywords Bacillus sp. . Biochar . Carrier inoculation . Metal(loid)s . Mine soil . Salix
Introduction Responsible editor: Zhihong Xu Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-02011355-1. * Sylvain Bourgerie [email protected] 1
University of Orléans, INRA USC1328, LBLGC EA1207, Orleans, France
2
Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Pesche, IS, Italy
3
French Geological Survey (BRGM), Orleans, France
4
IDDEA, Environmental consulting engineering, Olivet, France
5
ISTO, UMR 7327, CNRS/Orleans University, Orleans, France
Phytomanagement manipulates the soil-plant system to reduce contamination spreading, restore ecosystemic functions, and add economic and social benefits (Burges et al. 2018; Cundy et al. 2016). The willow Salix viminalis showed good results in terms on growth and metal(loid) accumulation in pr
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