Evaluation of inpatients Clostridium difficile prevalence and risk factors in Cameroon
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(2020) 9:122
SHORT REPORT
Open Access
Evaluation of inpatients Clostridium difficile prevalence and risk factors in Cameroon Ingrid Cécile Djuikoue1,2, Ernest Tambo1,2* , Gildas Tazemda1, Omer Njajou2, Denise Makoudjou1, Vanessa Sokeng1, Morelle Wandji1, Charlène Tomi1, Aubain Nanfack3, Audrey Dayomo1, Suzie Lacmago1, Falubert Tassadjo4, Raissa Talla Sipowo1, Caroline Kakam3, Aicha Bibiane Djoko1, Clement Nguedia Assob5, Antoine Andremont6 and Frédéric Barbut7
Abstract Background: Clostridium difficile, rarely found in hospitals, is a bacterium responsible for post-antibiotic diarrhea and Pseudomembranous Colitis (CPM). C. difficile selective pressure represents potential public health problem due to the production of toxins A and B serious pathologies effects/consequences. A transversal and analytic study was to assess the risk factors of C. difficile infection and to determine the prevalence of C. difficile in patients received in randomly selected five hospitals in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Methods: A total of 300 stool samples were collected from consented patients using a transversal and analytic study conducted from 10th July to 10th November 2018 in five hospitals in Cameroon. The detection or diagnostic kit was CerTest C. difficile Glutamate Dehydrogenase + Toxin A + Toxin B based on immuno-chromatographic assay. A univariate and multivariate analysis allowed us to highlight the associated factors. Results: The results showed a prevalence of C. difficile of 27.33% (82/300 stool patients’samples taken). Of these 27.33%, the production of Toxin A and Toxin B were 37.80 and 7.31% respectively. In univariate analysis, hospitalization was a significant (P = 0.01) risk factor favoring C. difficile infection. In multivariate analysis, corticosteroids and quinolones use/administration were significantly (adjusted Odd Ratio, aOR = 14.09, 95% CI: 1.62– 122.54, P = 0.02 and aOR = 3.39, 95% CI: 1.00–11.34, P = 0.05 respectively) risk factor for this infection. Conclusion: The prevalence of C. difficile infections (CDI) remain high in these settings and may be related not only to permanent steroids and antibiotics. Promoting education to both medical staff and patients on the prevalence and public health impact of C. difficile can be core inimproving rationale prescription of steroids and antibiotics to patients and promote human health and exponential growth in Cameroon. Keywords: Clostridium difficile, Prevalence, Diarrhea, Risk factors, Quinolone, Cephalosporin, Cameroon
* Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Département de Microbiologie de la Faculté des Sciences de la Santé de l’Université des Montagnes, Bangangte, Cameroon 2 Prevention and Control Foundation, Bangangte, Cameroon Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the origina
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