Evaluation of phytochemical, antimicrobial and time-killing assay of Camellia species
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RESEARCH ARTICLES
Evaluation of phytochemical, antimicrobial and time‑killing assay of Camellia species Surbhi Pradhan1 · R. C. Dubey1 Received: 27 February 2020 / Revised: 21 July 2020 / Accepted: 2 August 2020 © Society for Plant Research 2020
Abstract Tea (Camellia sinensis and C. assamica) possess antimicrobial property due to the presence of bioactive compounds. Qualitative analysis of phytochemicals of both tea species such as alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, saponins, tannins, steroids, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides was carried out. The antimicrobial activity of both plant species extracts were performed by well and disc agar diffusion methods. The most antimicrobial potential of plant extract was further selected to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against two most susceptible human pathogens. Phytochemicals and antimicrobial activity assays showed different results according to the type of the applied extract solvent. The methanol extract of C. sinensis shows more inhibitory effect than the other extracts of both tea species. The lowest concentration of C. sinensis was found at 0.048 mg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus. The MIC and MBC of S. aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were ranged from 0.097 to 0.197 mg/mL and 0.19 to 0.39 mg/mL, respectively. Time-killing assay was performed against all tested pathogenic bacteria. After 6 h, P. aeruginosa showed no growth followed by Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Klebsiella pneumoniae, S. aureus, Salmonella typhi, Listeria monocytogenes. Keywords Phytochemicals · Antimicrobial · Agar diffusion · MIC · MBC · Time-killing
Introduction A gradual increase in resistance among microorganisms towards the antibiotics is the leading threat in the present world. About 2 million people attained bacterial diseases in the US hospitals, each year and 70% of cases of bacterial strains resistant to one or more drugs (Infectious Diseases Society of America 2004). Among all the plants, tea plant has been found potential against multi-drug resistance pathogens. Non-fermented tea has a high range of antibacterial activity than fermented and semi-fermented tea (Toda et al. 1989). In recent years, tea acquired scientific attention as an antimicrobial agent against several bacterial species (Singh et al. 2009). Staphylococcus aureus, P. aeruginosa and S. typhi are some of the common human pathogens, generally * Surbhi Pradhan [email protected] R. C. Dubey [email protected] 1
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar 249404, India
causing skin infection, urinary tract infection, and enteric fever respectively. Tea leaves contain a huge number of polyphenols (flavonoids, catechins, tannins etc.) among which flavonoids are most abundant, possessing the ability to inhibit the spore germination in fungal strains. Besides it also bears several beneficial properties such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiallergic, antioxidant, antitumor etc. Therefo
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