Evaluation of the Mineral Content in Forage Palm ( Opuntia ficus-indica Mill and Nopalea cochenillifera ) Using Chemomet
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Evaluation of the Mineral Content in Forage Palm (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill and Nopalea cochenillifera) Using Chemometric Tools Filipe B. Santana 1 & Hilária F. A. Silveira 1 & Laís A. Souza 1 & Sarah Adriana R. Soares 2 & Aníbal de Freitas Santos Júnior 3 & Rennan Geovanny O. Araujo 1,4 & Daniele Cristina M. B. Santos 1,4,5 Received: 21 August 2020 / Accepted: 8 November 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract An acid digestion procedure of the forage palm (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill and Nopalea cochenilifera) employing a closed digestor block applied full 24 factorial design was optimized. The optimal conditions were HNO3 5.0 mol L−1, 2.0 mL of H2O2 30% m m−1, 120 min of digestion, and heating temperature of 180 °C. The certified reference materials of apple leaves (NIST 1515) and tomato leaves (Agro C1003a) were used to evaluate the accuracy of the analytical method. The concentrations of the macroelements were (in % m m−1) Ca (1.32–3.71), K (0.88–5.29), Mg (0.70–1.78), and P (0.03–0.32). For the microelements, the concentrations (in μg g−1) obtained were As (< 1.39), Cd (< 0.10), Cu (< 0.17–5.6), Fe (8.0–50.2), Na (< 1.85), Sr (41–348), and Zn (17.3–159). Essential elements such as Ca, Mg, and Zn made good contributions to daily intake, being an alternative to meet the nutritional needs of these macroelements and microelements in humans. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used to evaluate the results, obtaining trends between the samples in relation to their mineral composition. Keywords Forage palm . Mineral composition . ICP OES . PCA . HCA
Introduction Most of the Northeastern Brazilian territory is characterized by a semi-arid climate, which is subject to long periods of drought, making agricultural activities unfeasible in this
* Daniele Cristina M. B. Santos [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia 40170-115, Brazil
2
Departamento de Oceanografia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia 40170-115, Brazil
3
Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia 41195-001, Brazil
4
Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do CNPq – INCT de Energia e Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA 40170-115, Brazil
5
Grupo de Pesquisa em Química Analítica (GPQA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia 40170-115, Brazil
region [1, 2]. Therefore, the search for foods that enable animal production in these periods of great drought has grown considerably and the forage palm (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill and Nopalea cochenilifera) has gained prominence in recent decades as an alternative for feeding herds and maintaining livestock activity in Northeastern semi-arid lands. It is a cactus that reach
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