Evaluation of the optimal harvest time of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) with different grain shapes grown in the Philippines
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Evaluation of the optimal harvest time of rice (Oryza sativa L.) with different grain shapes grown in the Philippines O‑Young Jeong1 · Man‑Kee Baek1 · Maurene Bombay2 · Melanie Banzon Ancheta2 · Jeom‑Ho Lee1 Accepted: 6 May 2020 © Korean Society of Crop Science (KSCS) 2020
Abstract Rice (Oryza sativa L.) grains are classified as long, medium, or short on the basis of their shapes. Long-grained rice cultivars belong to the indica subspecies, whereas short-grained rice cultivars are members of the japonica subspecies. Mediumgrained cultivars may be members of either subspecies. Japonica cultivars are typically grown in temperate climates. The Grain Utilization Value Added Project, a collaborative effort between the International Rice Research Institute and the Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea, has made efforts to develop japonica cultivars that are adaptable to the tropical climate. In this work, differences in grain filling characteristics (yield, head rice, and grain dimensions) among the three grain shape groups were identified. Moreover, the optimal harvest time of the tropically adapted japonica cultivars MS11, Japonica 1, Japonica 2, Japonica 6, and Japonica 7 grown in the Philippines during the 2019 wet season was determined. The optimal harvest time of long-grained indica cultivars was determined as 30–35 days after heading (DAH) on the basis of paddy rice and head rice yields. The optimal harvest time of long-grained cultivars was earlier than that of medium-grained and short-grained cultivars (35–40 DAH). The tropically adapted japonica cultivars investigated here retained the good yield traits and head rice ratio of its ancestor Jinmibyeo, a temperate japonica cultivar. These traits may be attributed to japonica’s dependence on longitudinal and latitudinal growth in contrast to the dependence of long-grained indica cultivars on longitudinal growth only. Keywords Tropical japonica rice · Grain shape · Optimal time of harvest
Introduction Rice accounts for 30% of the total global cereal production and is consumed by approximately half of the world’s population (Gnanamanickam 2009). National and international rice breeding programs aiming to improve rice production have focused on increasing the area under rice cultivation, yield per unit area, or grain yield components to improve Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12892-020-00048-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * O‑Young Jeong [email protected] * Jeom‑Ho Lee [email protected] 1
National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
International Rice Research Institute, Los‑Banos, Philippines
2
crop productivity. Rice grain yield is determined by three traits: the number of panicles per plant, the number of grains per panicle, and the weight of grains (Xing and Zhang 2010). It is also a function of grain filling rate and duration (Fujita et al. 1984). Rice grain
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