The role of effluent water irrigation in the mineral absorption of aerobic rice varieties ( Oryza sativa L.)
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ORIGINAL PAPER
The role of effluent water irrigation in the mineral absorption of aerobic rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.) Marks Ibadzade1,2 · Ágnes Kun1 · Árpád Székely1 · Tímea Szalóki1 · Károly Penksza2 · Mihály Jancsó1 Received: 22 October 2019 / Accepted: 12 November 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Quality and quantity of different irrigation water types from conventional and alternative sources have a significant role on the productive parameters and chemical composition of crop plants. Appropriate alternative water sources and the reutilization of agricultural effluents can reduce the impact of rice production and animal husbandry on the natural water bodies. In the present study, influence of four different types of irrigation water was analyzed on the nutrient uptake (P, K, Ca, Mg, Na) of aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.) in a complex lysimeter experiment in two consecutive years. Early maturing Hungarian rice varieties (M 488 and Janka) were irrigated with traditional river water (RW) and different alternative irrigation sources to evaluate the feasibility of a sodium containing intensive fish farm effluent with (EWG) or without (EW) gypsum supplementation and with the addition of natural river water (EWGR). Significant effects on the mineral content of the aboveground biomass were measured. P uptake by M 488 and Janka decreased after the irrigation with EW in 2017. In case of EW, EWG and EWGR, the Na content increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in both varieties; however, pre-treatment of salt containing effluent waters can moderate the stress level. As a consequence, the ability of both rice varieties to absorb Na suggests that rice production could be conditionally part of bioremediation of salt-affected soils and water bodies. Keywords Aerobic rice · Effluent water · Mineral content · Wastewater irrigation
Introduction In the age of climate change and depletion of water resources, a new approach is needed to provide crops with sufficient water. It is especially important in climate vulnerable countries with arid and semi-arid areas, where growing plants suitable for these conditions is becoming an additional challenge for local farmers (Bortolini et al. 2018). Besides water-saving technologies, alternative sources of irrigation water, such as wastewaters or effluent waters, are among the opportunities that can help to cope with water scarcity (Tabatabaei et al. 2020).
* Marks Ibadzade [email protected] 1
National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Research Institute of Irrigation and Water Management, Anna Liget u. 35, H‑5540 Szarvas, Hungary
Szent István University, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H‑2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
2
The continuous increase of wastewater as a result of urbanization and industrial development has become a major option for agricultural use nowadays (Zakir et al. 2016). Moreover, agriculture itself also plays an indisputable role in freshwater pollution (Özerol et al. 2012; Hatfield 2015). Basically, large agri
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