Examining the uptake and bioaccumulation of molybdenum nanoparticles and their effect on antioxidant activities in growi
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Examining the uptake and bioaccumulation of molybdenum nanoparticles and their effect on antioxidant activities in growing rice seedlings Prashant K. Sharma 1 & Akhilesh S. Raghubanshi 1 & Kavita Shah 1 Received: 30 March 2020 / Accepted: 2 November 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The synthesized α-MoO3 and MoS2 NPs had nanosheet and nanoflower-like structures with crystallite size of 21.34 nm and 4.32 nm, respectively. The uptake, bioaccumulation, and impact of these two Mo-NPs were studied in rice (Oryza sativa L) cv. HUR 3022 seedlings exposed to 100, 500, and 1000 ppm concentrations in hydroponics for 10 days in the growth medium. The uptake of α-MoO3 and MoS2 NPs by rice exposed to 100 ppm concentrations of NPs led to the accumulation of 7.32 ppm/4.55 ppm and 1.84 ppm/1.19 ppm in roots/shoots, respectively, as compared to controls. Unlike MoO3, more accumulation of MoS2 in roots reflect less translocation of this NP from roots to shoots. Results suggest tissue-specific distribution of NPs in rice seedlings. The increased growth and elevated protein levels in rice seedlings at 100 ppm concentrations of nanoparticles imply a stimulation in the repair mechanism at low doses indicating hormesis. MoS2 NPs treatments led to increased chlorophyll a levels suggesting it to be non-compromising with photosynthetic process in rice. The high malondialdehyde levels and altered activities of antioxidant enzymes GPX, APX, and CAT in rice seedlings exposed to α-MoO3 or MoS2 NPs indicate oxidative imbalance. Between αMoO3 and MoS2 NPs, the former shows toxic effects as reflected from the decreased levels of photosynthetic pigments at all concentrations; however, an activation of chloroplast ROS detoxification is evident in the presence of MoS2 NPs. The BCF > 1 for both α-MoO3 and MoS2 NPs and TF of 0.6–2.0 and 0.42–0.65 suggest the latter to be more environmentally safe. In conclusion, a100 ppm MoS2 NPs concentration has low translocation and less accumulation with no significant impact on growth of rice cv. HUR 3022 seedlings and appears to be environmentally safe for future applications. Keywords Antioxidant . Bioaccumulation . Molybdenum . Nanoparticles . Rice . Translocation
Introduction The worldwide market of nanotechnology may potentially increase from 10 billion USD in 2005 to more than one trillion USD by 2015 (Roco 2005). Sources of nanomaterials in soil, air, and water either are accidental spillage, direct application, Responsible Editor: Gangrong Shi * Kavita Shah [email protected] Prashant K. Sharma [email protected] Akhilesh S. Raghubanshi [email protected] 1
Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
or indirect release from landfills, sewage sludge (~ 1.01– 2.380 μg NMs kg−1 year−1), and wastewater treatment plants (0.001–15 ng L−1 year−1) (Aziz et al. 2015; Cornelis et al. 2014; Gardea-Torresdey et al. 2014; Prasad et al. 2016). Further, these nanomaterials undergo variation in oxid
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