Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Patients With Premalignant Lesions and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Or
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Patients With Premalignant Lesions and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Oral Cavity Ashish Agarwal1 • Shalini Jain2
•
Nishi Sharma2
Received: 7 March 2020 / Accepted: 18 August 2020 Association of Otolaryngologists of India 2020
Abstract To evaluate and compare expression of VEGF in patients of premalignant lesions and squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity. The cross sectional observational study is undertaken at the department of otorhionolaryngology and pathology, PGIMER and Dr RML Hospital, New Delhi,from 1st Nov 2017 to 31st March 2019,with a sample size of 30 cases each of premalignant lesions and oral squamous cell carcinoma immunohistochemistry by polymer method. In the participants with oral SCC, VEGF expression of Score 1 was observed in verrucous and well differentiated tumor, Score 2 in moderately differentiated SCC & Score 3 in poorly differentiated SCC with a p value of 0.0001. The observed difference and value of proportion p, is statically significant. In this study we concluded that VEGF expression increases as the lesion progresses from premalignant lesions to oral squamous cell carcinoma and is strongly associated with lymph node status (N-staging). Thus, VEGF can be a target in chemotherapy and its therapeutic implications in the HNSCC needs further research. Levels of Evidence 1A: Systematic review of randomized control trials.
& Shalini Jain [email protected]; [email protected] Ashish Agarwal [email protected] Nishi Sharma [email protected] 1
ABVIMS, Dr. RML Hospital, Nasirpur, India
2
Department of Otorhinolargngology, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences, Dr. RML Hospital, Krishan Kunj Appartments, Dwarka Sector 1A, A-103, Nasirpur, India
Keywords Premalignant lesions of oral cavity Oral squamous cell carcinoma Vascular endothelial growth factor Immunohistochemistry
Introduction The oral cavity is the upper most part of the digestive tract. The oral cavity is lined with stratified squamous epithelium of varying degrees of keratinization. Squamous cell carcinoma is 94% of all oral malignancies. Globally over 3,00,000 people are diagnosed with oral cancer each year and it is the eighth most common malignancy [1] Globally mortality rates due to oral cancer is 30% in males and 12% in females [2]. Sex ratio reveals over 3:1 preponderance in male patients [3, 4]. The high frequency of cancer of oral mucosa in south east Asia is due to use of smokeless tobacco in form of betel quid, a combination of areca nut,tobacco and lime; pan masala- a mixture of areca nut,slaked lime, catechu and condiments; khaini—a tobacco lime preparation; alcohol; poor diet and viral (HPV) infections [5, 6]. Squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity, are clinically preceded by precancerous lesions, often. 1. Leukoplakia with histologic evidence of hyperplasia or dysplasia and prevalence of 1.1% and 11.7% with a mean value of 2.9% [7]. 2. Erythroplakia, a fiery red patch, with a prevalence of 0.02%, 0.
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