Fabrication and antimicrobial effects of silver nanoparticle-poly( N -isopropylacrylamide)-poly(ferrocenylsilane) hydrog
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Fabrication and antimicrobial effects of silver nanoparticle-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)poly(ferrocenylsilane) hydrogel composites Xiaofeng Sui,1 Xueling Feng,1 Andrea Di Luca,2 Clemens A. van Blitterswijk,2 Lorenzo Moroni,2 Mark A. Hempenius,1 G. Julius Vancso1 1
Department of Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands. 2 Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands. ABSTRACT Novel hydrogels composed of thermo-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and redox-responsive poly(ferrocenylsilane) (PFS) macromolecules were formed by photopolymerization. PFS chains bearing acrylate side groups were copolymerized with NIPAM and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide in tetrahydrofuran in a predetermined ratio under ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV-LED) irradiation at a wavelength of 365 nm, in the presence of a photoinitiator. Crosslinking occurred smoothly, providing homogeneous hydrogels. The equilibrium swelling ratio, rheology and morphology of these hybrid PNIPAM-PFS-based hydrogels were investigated. In-situ fabrication of silver nanoparticles inside the hydrogel network via reduction of silver nitrate by the PFS chains led to hydrogel composites. These composites showed strong antimicrobial activity while maintaining a high biocompatibility with cells. INTRODUCTION The development and applications of functional polymer-nanoparticle composites1 have attracted a growing interest in the past decade. For instance, silver nanoparticle-polymer hydrogel composites have been identified as promising materials for use in biological and medical applications.2-4 One of the most commonly used hydrogels is made from poly(Nisopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), as it possesses a lower critical solution temperature around physiological temperature and has excellent biocompatible properties.5 Combination of other functional polymers with PNIPAM can provide a wide variety of stimuli responsive behavior and useful functionalities. As a complementary functional component, we chose to introduce poly(ferrocenylsilane) (PFS),6-9 which is composed of alternating ferrocene and silane units in the main chain and can be reversibly oxidized and reduced by chemical and electrochemical means.10 This organometallic polymer has received considerable attention due to its interesting optical, electronic and magnetic properties.8,9 The Fe-(II) inside the PFS chains can efficiently reduce silver ions to the corresponding metal.11 Here, we describe a simple and mild method for the formation of silver nanoparticlePNIPAM-PFS hydrogel composites. These composites showed strong antimicrobial activity while maintaining a high biocompatibility with cells.
EXPERIMENT Synthesis of PNIPAM-PFS based hydrogel NIPAM (0.75 g, 6.63 mmol), PFS-acryl (49.2 mg, 2 mol% with respect to NIPAM), 2,2dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (photoinitiator,
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