Fabrication of trichlorovinylsilane- modified -chitosan film with enhanced solubility and antibacterial activity
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Fabrication of trichlorovinylsilane‑modified‑chitosan film with enhanced solubility and antibacterial activity Anthony Udukhomo Awode1 · Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo1 · Mumtaz Guran2 · Osman Yilmaz1 · Mustafa Gazi1 Received: 5 October 2019 / Revised: 2 December 2019 / Accepted: 6 December 2019 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Here, trichlorovinylsilane-modified-chitosan (TVS-m-CS) film is synthesized and explicated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The SEM micrograph of TVS-m-CS revealed smooth structure with bulge surface. The TVS-m-CS antibacterial activity was evaluated using the broth dilution and agar diffusion methods. Results herein indicated that the TVS-m-CS exhibited enhanced water solubility (67 mg/mL) compared to the cross-linked chitosan (CS) film (5.5 mg/mL). Notably, TVS-m-CS showed a significantly enhanced antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, E. faecalis, Kleb spp. and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] = 0.078–0.156 mg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration [MBC] = 12.5–3.12 mg/mL) than the original CS film. Unlike most quaternized chitosan derivatives, the TVS-m-CS was prepared via an easy and simple route and exhibited a comparatively high antibacterial performance. The time-kill study revealed that 5 mg/mL TVS-m-CS exposed to the bacteria cells is sufficient to give a ~ 0.08 log10 reduction (> 99.9% kill rate) within 24 h. Keywords Chitosan antibacterial activity · Time-kill study · Vinylsilane · Minimum bactericidal concentration · Water solubility
* Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo [email protected] * Mustafa Gazi [email protected] 1
Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Arts and Science, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Mersin 10, TR North Cyprus, Turkey
2
Department of Medical Microbiology, Dr. Fazıl Küçük Faculty of Medicine, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Mersin 10, TR North Cyprus, Turkey
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Vol.:(0123456789)
Polymer Bulletin
Introduction An increasing number of studies have been directed toward biomaterials expressing antibacterial activity [1–3]. Among these biomaterials, chitosan (CS, the deacetylated derivative of chitin) is commonly used in the pharmaceutical and biomedical applications [3–8], due to its fascinating biological characteristics such as low toxicity, cytocompatibility and moderate biocidal activity [5]. The exact biocidal mechanisms of the chitosan are still unknown [9]; however, the intracellular leakage is among the commonly reported theories in which the protonated chitosan (amino groups at the C-2 position) at pH 98.5%), and distilled water was used in all experiments as a solvent. Trichlorovinylsilane, sodium bisulfite and chitosan with a deacetylation degree of 85% and molecular weight of 400,000 g/mol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). All other solvents such as acetone, acetic acid, methanol
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