First isolation and whole-genome sequencing of a Shewanella algae strain from a swine farm in Brazil
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
First isolation and whole-genome sequencing of a Shewanella algae strain from a swine farm in Brazil Vinicius Buiatte de Andrade Alves1* , Eneas Carvalho2, Paloma Alonso Madureira1, Elizangela Domenis Marino1, Andreia Cristina Nakashima Vaz1, Ana Maria Centola Vidal1 and Vera Letticie de Azevedo Ruiz1
Abstract Background: Infections caused by Shewanella spp. have been increasingly reported worldwide. The advances in genomic sciences have enabled better understanding about the taxonomy and epidemiology of this agent. However, the scarcity of DNA sequencing data is still an obstacle for understanding the genus and its association with infections in humans and animals. Results: In this study, we report the first isolation and whole-genome sequencing of a Shewanella algae strain from a swine farm in Brazil using the boot sock method, as well as the resistance profile of this strain to antimicrobials. The isolate was first identified as Shewanella putrefaciens, but after whole-genome sequencing it showed greater similarity with Shewanella algae. The strain showed resistance to 46.7% of the antimicrobials tested, and 26 resistance genes were identified in the genome. Conclusions: This report supports research made with Shewanella spp. and gives a step forward for understanding its taxonomy and epidemiology. It also highlights the risk of emerging pathogens with high resistance to antimicrobial formulas that are important to public health. Keywords: Genome, Shewanella, Taxonomy, Swine, Resistance
Background Shewanella spp. are Gram-negative bacteria mostly found in marine environments. Although infections can be considered rare, the number of reports have increased in recent years [1–7].. The species reported most frequently in the literature are Shewanella algae and Shewanella putrefaciens [8]. These bacteria were first isolated as part of the genus Achromobacter in 1931 and characterized as Achromobacter putrefaciens [9]. Later, due to advances in * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Universidade de Sao Paulo, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Laboratorio de Doenças Infectoparasitarias de Animais Domesticos, 225 Duque de Caxias Av., Jardim Elite, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
molecular biology, Shewanella was assigned as a new genus in the family Vibrionaceae [10]. More recently it is recognized as part of the family Shewanellaceae [11]. Due to its great genomic diversity, some strains can be classified under this group based on genetic data, even though they are phenotypically different [8]. The genus was recently revised by Thorell et al. (2019) [12] based on the genome sequences of strains described in previous studies. More than 48% of the strains (64 out of 131) were reassigned to different species or sub-species after the analysis. This reinforces the importance of research involving isolation and genomic characterization to have a better understanding of the bacteria and their epidemiology.
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