Searching for putative virulence factors in the genomes of Shewanella indica and Shewanella algae
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Searching for putative virulence factors in the genomes of Shewanella indica and Shewanella algae Alazea M. Tamez1 · Richard William McLaughlin1,2 · Jia Li2,3 · XiaoLing Wan2 · JinSong Zheng2 Received: 2 July 2020 / Revised: 12 September 2020 / Accepted: 30 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Bacterial pathogens are a major threat to both humans and animals worldwide. It is crucial to understand the mechanisms of various disease processes at the molecular level. Shewanella species are widespread in the environment and some are considered as emerging opportunistic human and marine mammal pathogens. In this study, putative virulence factors on the genome of Shewanella indica BW, a bacterium isolated from the Bryde’s whale (Balaenoptera edeni), were determined. Additionally, for comparative purposes, putative virulence factors from two other S. indica and ten S. algae strains were also determined using the Pathosystems Resource Integration Center (PATRIC) pipeline. We confirmed the presence of previously reported virulence factors and we are proposing several new candidate virulence factors. Interestingly, the putative virulence factors were very similar between the two species with the exception of microbial collagenase which was present in all S. algae genomes, but absent in all S. indica genomes. Keywords Virulence factors · PATRIC · Shewanella algae · Shewanella indica
Introduction Virulence factors are important to pathogens to avoid host defense mechanisms, to begin the infection process and to cause disease in the host. Studying virulence factors allows for a better understanding of the different mechanisms of infectious disease processes and pathogenicity. It also assists researchers in the development of new disease prevention measures and therapies (Casadevall and Pirofski 2009; Keen Communicated by Erko stackebrandt. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-020-02060-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * JinSong Zheng [email protected] 1
General Studies, Gateway Technical College, Kenosha, WI 53144, USA
2
The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
3
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
2012; Onderdonk 1988; Wu et al. 2008). Current virulence factor databases provide a complete bacterial virulence factor gene collection. For example, the Pathosystems Resource Integration Center (PATRIC) is an information system which is designed to support biomedical research on bacterial infectious diseases. Using the PATtyFam algorithm for protein family generation, a comparative protein analysis between different bacterial species can be done (Davis et al. 2016). Shewanella species are Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium which is motile (Bowman 2005). They are distributed widely
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