Inhibition of Clostridium difficile in Mice Using a Mixture of Potential Probiotic Strains Enterococcus faecalis NM815,
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Inhibition of Clostridium difficile in Mice Using a Mixture of Potential Probiotic Strains Enterococcus faecalis NM815, E. faecalis NM915, and E. faecium NM1015: Novel Candidates to Control C. difficile Infection (CDI) Nahla M. Mansour 1
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& Walid F. Elkhatib & Khaled M. Aboshanab & May M. A. Bahr
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# Springer Science+Business Media New York 2017
Abstract This study is aimed at the isolation, identification, and characterization of potential probiotic strains capable of inhibiting Clostridium difficile in vitro and in vivo. Twenty isolates were isolated from infant fecal samples and screened against C. difficile using their cell-free supernatant. Only three isolates showed maximum inhibition from 56.05 to 60.60%, thus they were characterized for probiotic properties and safety. The results obtained approved their tolerance to the gastrointestinal tract conditions and safety profile. They were identified by sequencing 16S rRNA as Enterococcus faecalis NM815, E. faecalis NM915, and Enterococcus faecium NM1015. For in vivo evaluation, a viable mixture of these three strains (109 CFU/mL) was administrated to a group of mice (treated group) in daily dose for 14 days, then followed by challenge with viable C. difficile (105 CFU/mL) in daily dose for 7 days, then a second administration of a viable mixture of the three strains was done daily for 7 days. In addition, the control group was administered PBS buffer only and the untreated group received PBS buffer instead of the probiotic mixture before and after the challenge with C. difficile. The results obtained from histological analysis confirmed the effectiveness of our three potential probiotic strains which expressed inhibition of C. difficile and maintained the structural integrity of the liver and intestinal cells. * Nahla M. Mansour [email protected]; [email protected]
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Gut Microbiology & Immunology Group, Chemistry of Natural & Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
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Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization St., Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
Keywords C. difficile . Probiotics . Enterococcus . Virulence genes
Introduction Clostridium difficile is known for its public heath complications, and the Centre for Disease Control (CDC) listed it as one of the top three Burgent threat^ pathogenic microorganisms that needs immediate and urgent attention [1]. C. difficile infections (CDI) pose a high health risk that can lead to death especially in older adults [2]. Previous studies showed that 25–30% of patients with an episode of CDI had experienced recurrence [3–5]. The most common treatment for CDI involves oral antibiotic therapy using vancomycin, metronidazole, or fidaxomicin [6] with success range from 64 to 82% [7]. However, oral antibiotic therapy is very expensive [8, 9] and carries the risk of promoting antibiotic-resistant organisms then disrupting the benefici
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