GC-MS analysis of ethanol extract from areal parts of Nepeta deflersiana and its anticancer and antimicrobial efficacies
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
GC-MS analysis of ethanol extract from areal parts of Nepeta deflersiana and its anticancer and antimicrobial efficacies Irfan Ahmad 1,2 & Safia Irfan 3 & Ayed A. Dera 1,2 & Gaffar S. Zaman 1 & Harish C. Chandramoorthy 4 & Mushtaq Ahmad Mir 1 & Prasanna Rajagopalan 1,2 Received: 12 October 2019 / Accepted: 3 March 2020 # Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences 2020
Abstract Nepeta deflersiana [ND] is widely used in the traditional medicine for its medicinal values. In this study, we report the anticancer and antimicrobial effects of ethanol extract fraction [NDE] obtained from the areal parts of ND and the active phytochemicals of NDE identified by gas chromatography- mass spectroscopy [GC-MS]. GC-MS analysis showed NDE to contain 47 bio-active phytochemicals. MTT assay revealed NDE to inhibit the proliferation of lung cancer [LC] NCI-H460, A549 cells with GI50 value of 354.1 μg/mL and 252.6 μg/mL respectively. NDE increased the sub G0/G1 phase of the cell cycles with increasing concentrations and showed a dose dependent inhibition of scratch healing and tumor cell migration of LC cells. A dose responsive increase of early and late phase apoptosis was observed in these cancer cells. While apparent increase in the levels of Bax and Caspase 3 levels were noted, NDE decreased anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 levels in both cell lines. NDE had significant antimicrobial activity against gramnegative microorganisms. The MIC and MBC varied between 15.6–250 and 125–2000 μg/mL respectively. Synergy study explained the significant bacteriostatic effect on P. aureginosa [ATCC 27853], clinical strain of P. aureginosa, K. pneumonae and Shigella. Our data indicate that NDE possessed excellent bio-activities against cancer cells and pathogenic microbes, which drive attention for further research to explore the active components from NDE responsible for biological efficacies. Keywords GC-MS . Lung cancer . Apoptosis . Cell cycle . Nepeta deflersiana . Antibacterial activity
Abbreviations ATCC American type culture collection BHI Brain heart infusion CFU Colony forming unit DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid ECGS Endothelial cell growth supplement FBS Fetal bovine serum GC-MS Gas chromatography mass spectroscopy
* Prasanna Rajagopalan [email protected]; [email protected]
HFL HGF HGF HUVEC LB LC MBC MHA MIC MTT ND NDE NIST PBS
Human lung fibroblast Hepatocyte growth factor Hepatocyte Growth Factor Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Luria broth Lung cancer Minimum bactericidal concentration Mueller hinton agar Minimum inhibitory concentration 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide Nepeta deflersiana Nepeta deflersiana extract National institute of standards and technology Phosphate buffered saline
1
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
2
Central Research Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
3
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bio
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