Genetic characterization and molecular fingerprint of traditional Umbrian tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) landraces th
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Genetic characterization and molecular fingerprint of traditional Umbrian tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) landraces through SSR markers and application for varietal identification Simone Castellana . Liliana Ranzino . Isacco Beritognolo . Marcello Cherubini . Roberto Luneia . Fiorella Villani . Claudia Mattioni
Received: 12 September 2019 / Accepted: 13 April 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Genetic erosion, mainly caused by the replacement of local landraces with high yielding or exotic varieties is causing loss of agrobiodiversity. Landraces of horticultural species, grown by small producers, represent today an important value in the preservation of agrobiodiversity. Umbria, a region of central Italy, is characterized by agricultural systems linked to tradition and cultivation of local landraces. In this study, the genetic profile of some traditional Umbrian tomato landraces was characterized for the first time, and the landraces uniqueness was evaluated by comparison with commercial varieties. One-hundred and twenty-one plants provided by local farmers and seed companies, represented by local and commercial varieties were analyzed using 19 SSRs markers. A total of 60 alleles were found with moderate levels of diversity. The mean number of alleles per locus was 3.158 and the average
polymorphism information content was 0.38. Unweighted UPGMA clustered the accessions into four groups. The gene pool of Umbrian landraces seems to be highly differentiated compared to commercial varieties, with landraces showing a genetic distinctiveness. Furthermore, an identifying fingerprinting code of each tomato landrace was generated and an innovative method for varietal identification based on the ‘QR code’ was proposed. The results obtained in this study will be useful for a better management, conservation and propagation of tomato genetic resources in Umbria region. Keywords Agrobiodiversity Genetic diversity Tomato Solanum lycopersicum SSR Fingerprint Population structure Varietal identification
Introduction Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-020-00942-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. S. Castellana (&) L. Ranzino I. Beritognolo M. Cherubini F. Villani C. Mattioni Istituto Di Ricerca Sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri (CNR), Via Marconi 2, Porano, Italy e-mail: [email protected] R. Luneia Chemistry Laboratory ‘Analysis S.R.L.’, Pantalla snc, Todi, Italy
The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most widespread crops and the most economically important vegetable worldwide (FAOSTAT 2017). Originating in Latin America, and then exported to Europe in the sixteenth century, tomato was initially cultivated as an ornamental plant (Bergougnoux 2014) and in the 1600s, tomatoes began to be cultivated as an edible plant, spreading rapidly throughout the Old World. Tomato was particularly successful in Mediterranean
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