Long-distance regulation of shoot gravitropism by Cyclophilin 1 in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) plants
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Long‑distance regulation of shoot gravitropism by Cyclophilin 1 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants Ziv Spiegelman1 · Or Broshi1,2 · Amit Shahar2 · Sumita Omer2 · Hagit Hak1 · Shmuel Wolf2 Received: 10 June 2020 / Accepted: 23 August 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Main conclusion The phloem-mobile protein SlCyp1 traffics to distant parts of the shoot to regulate its gravitropic response. In addition, SlCyp1 targets specific cells in the root to promote lateral root development. Abstract The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Cyclophilin 1 (SlCyp1) gene encodes a peptidyl-prolyl isomerase required for auxin response, lateral root development and gravitropic growth. The SlCyp1 protein is a phloem-mobile signal that moves from shoot to root to regulate lateral root development (Spiegelman et al., Plant J 83:853–863, 2015; J Exp Bot 68:953–964, 2017a). Here, we explored the mechanism of SlCyp1 movement by fusing it to the fluorescent protein mCherry. We found that, once trafficked to the root, SlCyp1 is unloaded from the phloem to the surrounding tissues, including the pericycle and lateral root primordia. Interestingly, SlCyp1 not only moves to the root system, but also to distant parts of the shoot. Grafting of the SlCyp1 mutant diageotropica (dgt) scions on VFN8 control rootstocks resulted in recovery of dgt shoot gravitropism, which was associated with the restoration of auxin-response capacity. Application of the cyclophilin inhibitor cyclosporine A suppressed gravitropic recovery, indicating that SlCyp1 must be active in the target tissue to affect the gravitropic response. These results provide new insights on the mechanism of SlCyp1 transport and functioning as a long-distance signal regulating shoot gravitropism. Keywords Aux/iaa · Auxin · Dgt · Diageotropica · Grafting · Lateral roots · Protein movement · Phloem · Solanum lycopersicum cyclophilin 1 (SlCyp1) Abbreviations CysA Cyclosporine A dgt diageotropica. SlCyp1 Solanum lycopersicum Cyclophilin 1 pSuc2 Suc2 Promoter from Arabidopsis thaliana Communicated by Dorothea Bartels. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-020-03448-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Ziv Spiegelman [email protected] 1
Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, 7505101 Rishon LeZion, Israel
The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
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Introduction Auxin is a central and essential plant hormone that affects most aspects of growth and development, including cell division and elongation, cellular differentiation, shoot and root architecture, and vascular development (Woodward and Bartel 2005). Lateral root development is one of the key
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