HCV genotypes and their determinative role in hepatitis C treatment
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MINI REVIEW ARTICLE
HCV genotypes and their determinative role in hepatitis C treatment Masoud Keikha1 • Majid Eslami2 • Bahman Yousefi3 • Mohammad Ali-Hassanzadeh4 Ali Kamali5 • Masoud Yousefi1 • Mohsen Karbalaei6
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Received: 27 August 2019 / Accepted: 24 April 2020 Ó Indian Virological Society 2020
Abstract Nowadays, exposure to infectious diseases caused by pathogenic viruses has become one of the major human concerns in health fields. In the meantime, hepatitis viruses are associated with health problems, especially in liver tissue. So far, several types of these viruses have been known including: HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, HEV, and HGV. Nevertheless, it seems that hepatitis C is the major viral infection among all of the hepatitis infections. The cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma are known as the most important pathological complications of this virus, from which seven genotypes have been identified. However, among these genotypes, the incidence rate of genotypes 1 and 3 is more than others. In this review, we have investigated the relationship between all HCV genotypes and therapeutic responses against them. Regarding heterogeneity between hepatitis C genotypes, it is not possible to access an effective vaccine against this virus, and treatment is the only applicable strategy. Response to
& Mohsen Karbalaei [email protected] 1
Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
2
Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
3
Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
4
Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
5
Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
6
Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
treatment is different among genotypes, and it has resulted that each genotype has a specific therapeutic regimen of itself. Therefore, it seems that determination of hepatitis C genotype, as a key tool, is essential in controlling therapeutic regimen, improving local control programs and eventually producing an effective vaccine. Keywords Hepatitis C virus Antiviral agent Hepatitis virus Interferon
Introduction Hepatitis C, is a non-cytopathic enveloped, with a positivesense single-stranded RNA virus, which belongs to genus Hepacivirus, and Flaviviridae family. This virus is classified into seven different genotypes and causes both phases of liver infections, acute and chronic (cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma) [46]. The whole genome of hepatitis C has about 9.4 kbp length, which is initially encoded to a large polyprotein, which is cleaved to ten proteins by viral protease, and contains three structural (core, E1, and E2) and seven non-structural proteins (p7, NS2, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A, and NS5B). It is notable that, NS3/4A protease and NS5B RNA polymerase, signif
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