Hetero-exopolysaccharide from the extremely halophilic Halomonas smyrnensis K2: production, characterization and functio
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Hetero‑exopolysaccharide from the extremely halophilic Halomonas smyrnensis K2: production, characterization and functional properties in vitro Ichrak Joulak1 · Ilaria Finore2 · Annarita Poli2 · Yousra Abid1 · Intidhar Bkhairia3 · Barbara Nicolaus2 · Paola Di Donato2,4 · Giovanni Dal Poggetto5 · Adem Gharsallaoui6 · Hamadi Attia1 · Samia Azabou1 Received: 27 February 2020 / Accepted: 23 July 2020 © King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2020
Abstract In this study, we firstly reported the production and the structural characterization of a novel hetero-exopolysaccharide namely EPS-K2 from the extremely halophilc Halomonas smyrnensis K2. Results revealed that EPS-K2 was mainly composed of three monosaccharides including mannose (66.69%), glucose (19.54%) and galactose (13.77%). EPS-K2 showed high thermostability with a degradation temperature around 260 °C, which could make it a suitable candidate for application in thermal processes. Moreover, EPS-K2 showed attractive functional properties. In fact, it exhibited potent antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner as assessed in analyses of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, iron chelating and DNA protection ability. Furthermore, EPS-K2 showed strong adhesion inhibition activity against Enterococcus faecalis (75.52 ± 3.35%) and Escherichia coli (61.95 ± 2.48%) at 1 g/l concentration, as well as a high biofilm disruption activity especially against E. coli (70.73 ± 2.78%), at 2 g/l concentration. According to its biotechnological properties, EPS-K2 could be exploited as functional ingredient in food, biomedicine, and pharmaceutical industries. Keywords Hetero-exopolysaccharide · Chemical characterization · Thermostability · In vitro biological properties
Introduction Ichrak Joulak and Ilaria Finore contributed equally to this work. * Samia Azabou [email protected] 1
Laboratoire Analyse, Valorisation et Sécurité des Aliments, Université de Sfax, ENIS, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
2
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
3
Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Université de Sfax, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax, B.P. 1173‑3038 Sfax, Tunisia
4
Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, Centro Direzionale-Isola C4, 80143 Naples, Italy
5
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
6
University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, 43 Bd 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
Hypersaline environments are typical extreme habitats characterized by their high salt concentrations, where living conditions are very difficult (Poli et al. 2017, 2019). Therefore, to survive in these noxious environments, many halophiles produce exopolysaccharides (EPS) as protection and adaptation strategies. EPS are high-molecular-weight carboh
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