Identification of a novel canine parvovirus type 2c in Taiwan
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RESEARCH
Open Access
Identification of a novel canine parvovirus type 2c in Taiwan Shu-Yun Chiang1, Hung-Yi Wu2, Ming-Tang Chiou1,3, Min-Chen Chang1 and Chao-Nan Lin1,3*
Abstract Background: Taiwan has been considered free from canine parvovirus type 2c (CPV-2c) based on the last report of canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) surveillance. However, since January 2015, the first report of CPV-2c in a puppy has occurred in Taiwan. There is currently limited information about the CPV-2c variant in Taiwan. In the present study, we characterized the previously unidentified CPV-2c variant and investigated the distribution of CPV-2 variants in Taiwan. Methods: During January 2014 to April 2016, fecal or rectal swab samples from 99 dogs with suspected CPV-2 infection in Taiwan were collected. Eighty-eight were identified as being either CPV-2a, −2b or -2c variants positive by real-time PCR and sequence analysis. Results: Sequence analysis of the 88 isolates confirmed CPV-2c as the dominant variant (54.6 %), followed by CPV-2b (26.1 %) and CPV-2a (19.3 %). Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the recent CPV-2c variants are similar to the Chinese CPV-2c strain but can be considered as novel Asian CPV-2c isolates. Conclusion: The present study provides evidence for the existence of a novel CPV-2c variant in Taiwan. Keywords: Canine parvovirus, CPV-2c, Taiwan
Background Canine parvovirus type 2c (CPV-2c) was first detected in Italy in 2000 [1]. Antigenic differences among CPV-2a, −2b, and -2c are observed only in residue 426 (Asn in 2a, Asp in 2b, and Glu in 2c) [2], which is located in the major VP2 antigenic site of the parvovirus [3]. The functions of capsid protein VP2 include facilitating receptor binding, controlling host range [4], and eliciting neutralizing antibodies [3]. Although CPV-2c infection results in almost the same clinical signs as for CPV-2a and CPV-2b, including anorexia, vomiting, acute gastroenteritis, and hemorrhagic diarrhea, infection by CPV-2c has been reported to be indicative of a more severe disease [5, 6]. A retrospective analysis revealed that the oldest CPV-2c strain was identified in Germany in 1996 [7]. Another retrospective analysis revealed that the * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan 3 Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
frequency of CPV-2 variants underwent rapid fluctuation in Italy between 1995 and 2005, with CPV-2c very rapidly replacing CPV-2b [8]. CPV-2c infection has not only been observed in Italy, but it is also widely distributed in other European countries [7, 9, 10], including Germany, Portugal [11], Spain [12], Belgium, France, Greece [13], Bulgaria [14], Sweden [15], Turkey [16], and the United Kingdom. In recent years, CPV-2c has also been found to be wi
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