Improvement of stilbene production by mulberry Morus alba root culture via precursor feeding and co-elicitation
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RESEARCH PAPER
Improvement of stilbene production by mulberry Morus alba root culture via precursor feeding and co‑elicitation Chadathorn Inyai1,2 · Gorawit Yusakul3 · Jukrapun Komaikul4 · Tharita Kitisripanya5 · Kittisak Likhitwitayawuid6 · Boonchoo Sritularak6 · Waraporn Putalun1,2 Received: 11 July 2020 / Accepted: 26 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Large amounts of Morus alba L. (MA) roots are needed as the source of active stilbenes in the industrial production of traditional medicines and cosmeceuticals. A recent investigation demonstrated resveratrol and its derivatives to be promising anti-COVID-19 agents. However, conventional cultivation of MA does not meet the demand for its stilbenes, and root quality usually varies between crops. This study established the in vitro non-GMO root culture of MA and optimized the root density, precursor feeding, and elicitors for stilbene productivity. A root culture with optimal inoculum density (3 g/flask of 30 mL medium) accumulated mulberroside A, oxyresveratrol, and resveratrol at 18.7 ± 1.00 mg/g, 136 ± 5.05 µg/g, and 41.6 ± 5.84 µg/g dry weight (DW), respectively. The feeding of L-tyrosine shortened the time required to reach the stilbene productive stage. Root cultures co-treated with 200 µM methyl jasmonate and 2 mg/mL yeast extract accumulated the highest contents of mulberroside A (30.3 ± 2.68 mg/g DW), oxyresveratrol (68.6 ± 3.53 µg/g DW), and resveratrol (10.2 ± 0.53 µg/g DW). In summary, root culture is a promising and sustainable source of stilbenes for the development of health products and agents for further investigation as potential anti-COVID-19 agents. Keywords Morus alba · Root culture · Stilbene · Elicitation · Resveratrol
Introduction
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-020-02474-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Waraporn Putalun [email protected] 1
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
2
Research Group for Pharmaceutical Activities of Natural Products Using Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (PANPB), National Research University-Khon Kaen, Khon Kaen, Thailand
3
School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thaiburi, Thasala, Thailand
4
Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
5
Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
6
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
In Thailand, Morus alba L. (MA) leaves are an essential food source for silkworm larvae due to their high protein and carbohydrate contents. MA roots contain high levels of bioactive stilbene compounds, including mulberroside A (MuA), oxyresveratrol (OXY), and resveratrol (RES), and thus are an important source of stilbenes for the health product industry. MA roots have also been utilized commercially as an active ingredient in whitening and anti-aging co
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