In vivo bone regeneration analysis of trilayer coated 316L stainless steel implant in rabbit model
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Lalzawmliana V. and Samit Kumar Nandia) Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata 700037, India
Piyali Basak School of Bioscience and Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
Biswanath Kundub) Bioceramics and Coating Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata 700032, India (Received 29 January 2018; accepted 11 April 2018)
To increase the corrosion prevention of stainless steel implant and fast recovery due to new bone-cell formation at the orthopedic implant site, in the present investigation, a trilayered (with bioceramic interlayer sandwiched between innermost passivated surface and outermost polymer coating) 316L stainless steel (SS) implant was designed and investigated. It was inferred that this new designed implant invokes faster and more bone-cell formation than uncoated commercially available 316L SS implants. Faster bone-cell formation at the coated implant site reduces the initial threat of implant corrosion. The electrochemical corrosion study proved that this model of coated implants is able to prevent corrosion up to 90% better than uncoated commercially available 316L SS. Subsequently, preclinical studies in the rabbit bone defect model (which included histology, radiology, fluorochrome labeling, push-out test, and scanning electron microscopy taken after 45 and 90 days) proved higher rate of new bone tissue formation and better push-out strength between tissue in contact and the coated implant. The toxicological study of vital organs like liver, kidney, and heart also exhibited no abnormality. The outcome of the experimentations indicates suitability of this trilayered 316L SS implant for bone repair and healing.
I. INTRODUCTION
The field of biomaterial technology is gaining interest for the past few decades due to its advancement in the field of biomedical research by developing metallic, bioceramic, and polymeric implants.1 Bioceramics are one of the most predominant biomaterial, which can be used for various orthopedic-related diseases to repair or replace damaged part of the tissue.2,3 Today, they play an important role in orthopedic market4 because of the biocompatibility and osseointegration property, and mostly due to their similarity to mineral component of bones [hydroxyapatite (HAp)].3 In addition, some bioceramic materials are chemically nonreactive and bioinert, as a result, they are nontoxic to body. However, not all bioceramics are chemically inert and may trigger host-bone response.5 Crystalline HAp is a naturally occurring mineral component of bone and can be applied as coating to Address all correspondence to these authors. a) e-mail: [email protected] b) e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2018.119
provide osteoconductivity, that promotes attachment and proliferation of osteoblast cells.6 Despite its long clinical use and even with evidence of good osteoconductivity,7 mixed results had been observed regarding osseointegration with HAp-coated implan
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