Integrated metabolic profiling and transcriptome analysis of pigment accumulation in diverse petal tissues in the lily c
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Integrated metabolic profiling and transcriptome analysis of pigment accumulation in diverse petal tissues in the lily cultivar ‘Vivian’ Xiaojuan Yin1†, Xinyue Lin1†, Yuxuan Liu1, Muhammad Irfan2, Lijing Chen1* and Li Zhang1*
Abstract Background: Petals are the colorful region of many ornamental plants. Quality traits of petal color directly affect the value of ornamental plants. Although the regulatory mechanism of flower color has been widely studied in many plants, that of lily flower color is still worth further exploration. Results: In this study, the pigmentation regulatory network in different regions of the petal of lily cultivar ‘Vivian’ was analyzed through tissue structure, metabolites biosynthesis, and gene expression. We found that cell morphology of the petal in un-pigmented region differed from that in pigmented region. The cell morphology tends to flatten in un-pigmented region where the color is lighter. Moreover, high level anthocyanin was found in the pigmented regions by metabonomic analysis, especially cyanidin derivatives. However, flavanones were accumulated, contrast with anthocyanin in the un-pigmented regions of lily petal. To understand the relationship of these different metabolites and lily flower color, RNA-Seq was used to analyze the differentially expressed genesrelated metabolite biosynthesis. Among these genes, the expression levels of several genes-related cyanidin derivatives biosynthesis were significantly different between the pigmented and un-pigmented regions, such as LvMYB5, LvMYB7, LvF3’H, LvDFR, LvANS and Lv3GT. Conclusions: This data will help us to further understand the regulation network of lily petal pigmentation and create different unique color species. Keywords: Anthocyanins, Cyanidin, Transcriptome sequencing, Metabolome sequencing, Scanning electron microscopy, Transporters, Transcription factors, Lily
Background In ornamental plants, flower petals are a primary characteristic and the quality of the flower color directly affects the aesthetic and commercial value of plants. In plants, a variety of pigmentation patterns, such as stripes or spots, * Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] † Xiaojuan Yin and Xinyue Lin contributed equally to this work. 1 College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
is usually the result of spatial regulation of gene expression. For example, the formation of stripes and spots in antirrhinum and phalaenopsis orchids were related to MYB [1, 2]. In the natural bicolor floral phenotype in petunia, the mature CHS mRNAs were not found in the white tissues. It indicated that the bicolor floral phenotype was caused by the spatially regulated posttranscriptional silencing of both CHS-A [3]. And in the previous studies, the researchers studied the pigmentation patterns
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