Laboratory Adsorption Studies on Cadmium (II) by Nonwoven Chitosan/Phosphorylated Microcellulose Nanocomposite
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Laboratory Adsorption Studies on Cadmium (II) by Nonwoven Chitosan/Phosphorylated Microcellulose Nanocomposite Ricardo Brandes
&
François Brouillette
&
Bruno Chabot
Received: 29 March 2020 / Accepted: 23 November 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The rapid growth of human population and global industrialization has resulted in the generation of larger amounts of wastewater containing various pollutants, among which toxic heavy metals. Adsorption is efficient for this purpose, but its application is limited by the high cost of adsorbent materials. Chitosan (CS) and phosphorylated microcellulose (PMC) have a high potential as low-cost and effective adsorbents for water remediation. Nonwoven CS/PMC nanocomposite fiber mats were produced by electrospinning with up to 50% by weight of PMC. The thermal, chemical, and morphological properties of the mats were studied. Batch adsorption trials were carried out using Cd2+ ions. Kinetics and isotherm models were tested against experimental results and the thermodynamic properties were calculated. Results showed that the pseudo-second order model best fitted experimental data and suggested chemisorption as the mechanism for Cd2+ removal. Langmuir isotherm best described equilibrium data reaching the maximum adsorption capacity of 283 mg/g at 60 °C. This high value was attributed mainly to the large amount of phosphate groups, which require less energy to capture the metal cations. Thermodynamic evaluation suggested that the adsorption is a spontaneous endothermic reaction. These results confirm that CS/PMC mats are easy to produce, and provide high adsorption capacity in simuR. Brandes (*) : F. Brouillette : B. Chabot Innovation Institute on Ecomaterials, Ecoproducts and Ecoenergies based on Biomass (I2E3), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boul. des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada e-mail: [email protected]
lated wastewater containing Cd2+. These laboratorybased adsorption experiments will assist in selecting/ ranking of potential candidate matrices, and scale-up development of technologies for complex wastewater applications. Keywords Cd2+ adsorption . Chitosan . Phosphorylated microcellulose . Phosphate groups . Electrospun nanofibers
1 Introduction Raising awareness of the rational use of natural resources and developing technologies that minimize environmental impacts are increasingly prominent due to the great concern of the world population, governments, and industries (Chowdhary et al. 2018, Zilov, 2013; Rodell et al. 2018). The need to preserve the environment requires increasingly efficient and feasible methods for the removal of pollutants. Among the environmental components, most affected worldwide are the bodies of water. Water pollution is a serious problem in the world due to the scarcity of this natural resource, compromising the development of plant cultures and the survival of animals and humans (Saxena et al. 2016). The problem is already a reality in various parts of the world, leading to the adoption of laws
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